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五经(wǔjīnɡ)
《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》等五部儒家经典的合称 。先秦时期有“六经”之说,指《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》 ,因《乐》已亡佚(一说无文字),故汉代多称“五经 ”。从汉武帝立“五经博士”起,“五经”之学成为中国学术、文化和思想的根本。从内容上来说 ,“五经 ”各有所偏重,如《诗》言志 、《书》言事等,因其不同而互补 ,故构成一个整体 。历代儒者通过对文本的不断解释,为这些经典赋予了丰富的意义。“五经”之学包括了中国传统文化对于世界秩序与价值的根本理解,是道的集中体现。
FiveClassics
ThetermreferstothefiveConfucianclassics:TheBookofSongs,TheBookofHistory,TheBookofRites,TheBookofChanges,andTheSpringandAutumnAnnals.Inthepre-Qinperiod,theterm“SixClassics”wasused,referringtoTheBookofSongs,TheBookofHistory,TheBookofRites,TheBookofMusic,TheBookofChanges,andTheSpringandAutumnAnnals.TheBookofMusic,didnotexistinwrittenform,hencepeopleoftenusedtheterm“FiveClassics ”duringtheHanDynasty.AfterEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyestablishedthetitleof“AcademicianoftheFiveClassics,”studyoftheseworksbecamethefoundationofChineselearning,culture,andthought.Intermsofcontent,theFiveClassicseachhasitsownfocus;forinstance,TheBookofSongsdealswithaspirations,andTheBookofHistorychroniclesevents.Differentinfocusbutcomplementingeachother,theyformanintegralcollectionofclassics.Throughouthistory,Confucianscholarsaddedsignificantmeaningtotheseclassicswiththeirinterpretationsoftheoriginaltexts.TheFiveClassicscomprisetraditionalChineseculture’sfundamentalunderstandingofworldorderandvalues,epitomizingtheconceptofDao.
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[引例]
“五经”何谓?谓《易》《尚书》《诗》《礼》《春秋》也 。(《白虎通义•五经》)
WhicharetheFiveClassics?Theyare:TheBookofSongs,TheBookofHistory,TheBookofRites,TheBookofChanges,andTheSpringandAutumnAnnals.(DebatesoftheWhiteTigerHall)