考研真题笔记模板题库资源推介平台
工作时间:9:00 ~ 21:00
第一篇应对策略
1.1应对对策
1.考研写作应对对策Ⅰ:语言
(1)词汇
常用词:think→argue/maintain/hold/believe/assume,或介词短语formypart/asforme/tothebestofmyknowledge/understanding,thewayIseeIt;
Important→crucial/vital/essential/imperative/critical/necessary;show→indicate/demlmstrate-reveal-unfold;many→agreatnumberof(可数)/atremendousamountof(不可数) 。
连接词:例举多项:foronething,…foranother,…stillanother,…atlast;tobeginwith…moreover/whatismore…lastbutnotleast,举例一项时:sth.providesuswithagoodillustration.acaseinpoint,asaproof,asanexample,forexample,forinstance,inparticular,suchas(不可用在句首)
(2)句型
(2008团队精神19分)itisteanworkthatmakesitpossibleforthemtogoanywheretheywant
To。(强调句 、形式宾语)
(同上)
Ithasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedthattheabilityofteamworkisthemostessential
Qualificationthatanyonewhowantstoachievesuccessshouldpossess.(形式主语、定语从句)
(2006偶像崇拜19分)some,liketheyoungmaninthephoto,expresstheirenthusiasmbywritinghisnameontheirfaces,whileothers,liketheoneinthehairstudio.spendasmuchas300yuanforahairstylemodelingonthatofbeckham。(连接词 ,对仗结构)
(2005敬老养老18分)thosewhotriedeverymeanstoavoidtheirdutyoflookingaftertheir 。
Eldersshouldbearinmindthattheyaremuchindebtedtotheirparentsfortheirbirthandgrowth。(定语从句,宾语从句)
(同上)thispicturerevealsanot-uncommonphenomenonofhoweldersaretreatedbytheirgrow-upchildreninsomeofthefamiliesinchina。(双重否定表肯定、被动表达)
(2003温室花朵17分)therealimplicationoftheanthoristhateveryonehastomeetdifficultiesintheirlifeexperience,sowehavetomakeadequatepreparationsforthem。(名词替代动词,系表结构)
(题目同上12分)thistime,theflowercannotstandintheheaverain 。(不用缩写表示正式)
(题目同上12分)wecannotimagineasocietyfullofadultshavingtheahilitylikeseven–year-oldchildren。(itisbeyondimaginationthat…)(名词代替动词 ,缩写问题)
(题目同上10分)lookingatitcarefully,theflowerisprotectedfromtherainoutsidethewarmhouse。(垂悬结构,主被动分清)
(题目同上6分)therearetwopicture,oneissaidthataflowercannotbehurtbyrainandwind,
Shegrowswonderful 。(多一个谓语存在混乱—并列或降级)
(2004终点又是新起点16分)themarketeconomyandcompetitivesocietydrivesmanypeopletostudyhardforhigheracademicdegrees。(主谓一致)
(2002文化交流4分)abeautifulamericangirliswearingchineseclothesissmilingtous。(汉语思维的影响,主语从句)
2 、考研写作应对对策Ⅱ:结构
(1)审题阶段
(2)各段充实
3、考研写作应对对策Ⅲ
(1)有话可说
(2)不离正题
第二篇结构科学内容充实
2.1考研写作应对对策Ⅱ:结构——注意逻辑
2.2三段分别覆盖情况:
首段三种:图画描述、现象描述、寓意象征(可以在第二段)
中心段三种:原因分析 、利弊分析、举例说明
尾段三种:判断评论&问题建议、个人选择 、现实运用
2.3详细解析
2.3.1图画描述
四句:第一句对画面的简单概括,第二三句描写画面内容 ,最后一句点明中心,即象征或寓意(这句也可以放在第二段第一句:承上启下)
图画描述段的首尾句常用有:
(1)
A:一幅图首句:
※Thisisaninterestingandthought-provokingpicture 。(extraordinary/meaningful)
※Asisshowninthepicture,(depicted/conveyed/drawn/illustrated)
※Thepictureshocksusbeyonddescription。(revealsonlythetipofanuglyiceberg。用于反面意义图画)
B:一幅图尾句
※Themeaningconveyedbythepictureisclearbutprofound:揭示中心(drawing/photo)
※Itisobviousthat…揭示中心
※Obviously…揭示中心
(2)
A:两幅图首句
※Thetwopicturesareinterestingandthought-provoking 。(extraordinary/meaningful)
※Asisshowninthefirstpicture.第一幅图描述whereasthesecondpicturedepicts…第二幅图描述(depicted/conveyed/drawn)
※Asdepictedinthepictures…第一幅图描述and第二幅图描述
※Aswecanseefromthefirstpicture…第一幅描述,inthesecondpicture,however…第二幅图描述
※Thetwopicturesrevealanotuncommonphenomenonthat…总结画面图像
B:两幅图尾句
※Comparingthetwopictures,wecanconcludethat…揭示中心
※Themeaningconveyedbythepicturesisclearbutprofound:揭示中心(drawing/photo)
※Itisobviousthat…揭示中心
※Obviously…揭示中心
※Itisnotdifficulttoconcludethesymbolicmeaningofthepictures…揭示中心
2.3.2现象简介
四句:第一句是对相关现状的概括介绍 ,第二三句进一步细节介绍,最后一句点明主题,可能带来的后果。
现象简介段常用首尾句:
A:首句(开门见山说现象)
Itisreallycommonthat.。 。介绍现象(有图说图 ,没图说事)
Itisnotuncommonthat.。。介绍现象(有图说图,没图说事)
Thedrawingreflectsthecommonphenomenonof…名词性现象描述
Recently,therehasbeenagrowingconcernamongthepublicovertheissue/phenomenonthat…介绍现象(有图说图 ,没图说事)(Today/Nowadays)
Lately,thediscussionof…(现象)hasarousednationwideattentionamongthepublic。
B;尾句
Themeaningconveyedbythephenomenonisclearbutprofound:揭示中心…(revealed/implied)
Theprofoundimplicationofthephenomenonisthat…揭示中心
Therefore,itisobviousthat…揭示中心
Obviously…揭示中心
2.3.3寓意象征
四句:第一句对画面的简要评价 ,第二三句对画面简单描述,第四句得出结论,揭示主题 。
如果出现在第二段就在第二三句进行拓展。
寓意象征段常用首尾句
A:首句
Ascanbeseenformthepicture,thedrawertellsusthat…说出画面的寓意(cartoon/photo)
Whatthepictureillustratesisaprofoundtopicinourdailylifewhichoftencausesourconcern…说出画面的寓意
Itisnotadifficultjobforustomakeclearthemeaningofthepicture…说出寓意
B;尾句
Therefore ,…说出深层寓意(广泛的)
Themajorityofpeoplewouldagreethat…你的结论。
2.3.4原因分析
四到六句:第一句阐述中心说明有多种原因,第二三句列举原因(并列的原因,注意连接) ,第四局本段结论(强调已列举的原因及产生的结果——过渡作用) 。
原因分析段框架示例:
Thereareavarietyofreasonsforthephenomenon.Foronething…举一个原因。For
Another,…另一个原因。(asaresult,…结论 。)
Whydoesthisphenomenonappear?Ithinkthereareseveralpossiblereasonsforthis。
Firstandformost,…举一个原因:furthermore,…另一个原因:lastbutnotleast,…最
后一个原因。
其他首句还有:
Ihavethreereasonformyconclusion//predicition/assumption 。
Tothebestofmyknowledge,thefollowingreasonsmaycontributetothisphenomenon。
AsfarasIamconcerned,severalreasonscanbeidentified。
其他列举原因还可用:
Themainresonforthephenomenonisthat…举一个最重要典型的原因:anothermajorreasonisdueto…另一个原因(注意用名词性短语结构)
Inthefirstplace ,…Secondly,…Finally,…
Thefirstreasonis…,andthesecondoneis…
Notonlybecause… ,butalsobecause…
2.3.5利弊分析
一定有利有弊
六句:第一句总结说有利有弊(一定不要用Everycoinhastwosides 。俗!):第二三句写优势以及拓展推导:第四五句写劣势以及拓展推导:第六句写利弊相当或利大于弊或弊大于利。
利弊分析段框架示例
Wecaneasilyrecognizethebothsidesofthephenomenon.Theadvantagescanbeconcludedasfollows.Tobeginwith,…第一个优势:moreover,…第二个优势:However ,therearealso
drawbackstothephenomenon.Foronething,…第一个劣势:foranother,…第二个劣势。
Itisnotadifficultjobtobeawareoftheattractionsandtheshortcomingsofthephenomenon。
Ontheonehand,…列举优点 。Ontheotherhand,…列举缺点。
其他可用的过渡方式:
Foralltheadvantagesmentionedabove ,…讨论主题isbytonomeanswithoutanylimitations,aslistedbelow.Foronething,…劣势一 ,foranother,劣势二。
Formypart,Imaintainthattheadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages 。
Inspiteofthesituationof…讨论主题 ,itsweaknessesareinsignificantcomparedwithits
Strengths。
2.3.6举例说明
注意切题(油灯)
六句:第一句说明中心与现实的关系,即寓意和例子的关系(过渡)[中心思想和生活的紧密联系]。第二三句一个例子及其相关拓展(例子和其后果),第四五句又一个例子及其相关扩展 ,第六句给出本段结论(说明已举例和中心的关系)[***本段第一句和最后一句要相互呼应]
举例说明段框架示例:
Asanexampleof主题,. 。。说出事例。另一事例alsoprovidesuswithagoodillustration.Obviously,…结论 。
Itisnothardtofindproperexamplesinourdailylife.Firstly,……举例。Besides,,……再举一例。Therefore ,thephenomenonhasbeensocommonthatwehavetotakeactionstoshiftthesituation 。(最后一句用于尾段是提建议时)
Whenitcomestothephenomenon,……一个例子mustbeconcemedhere.Italsocomestomethat……另一事例。
Take…asanexample。
2.3.7判断评论
容易操作,说出自己的看法。好的现象要发扬光大,不好的现象给出改进建议 。
三句:第一句给出承上启下的总结(中心强调),第二句自己观点(注意观点一定要与前面提到的一致 ,不要再提出任何新的观点或看法),第三句强调自己观点的合理性(only倒装句的使用)。
判断评论段的首句选择:
Tothebestofmyundertanding,itisadvisablethatwetakearationalattitudetowardsthisissue。(positive、dialectical)
Formypart ,Ibelievethat……说自己看法 。
Itgoeswithoutsayingthat……说上文结论。Mypointofviewisthat……说自己观点。
2.3.8问题建议
相关人士应该做的事 。
三句(尾段):第一句点明存在的问题,第二句给出建议及带来的好的结果,第三段给出本段结论(对自己的解决方案的评价:用only倒装句显示其价值和强调)。
问题建议段框架示例:
Formypart ,itisimperativeforustotakedrasticmeasures。Foronething,……建议一 。Foranother,……建议二。Onlyinthiswaycanway……建议实施后的结果。
Indeed ,上面提到的结论 。AsfarasIamconcerned,weshouldworkoutconcretesolutiontoproblemof……问题或现状。Forinstance,建议。Onlybydoingthiscanway……建议实施后的结果。
Inorderto…目标 ,therearesomesuggestionsavailable 。Inthefirstplace,…建议一。Moreover…建议一。Onlyinthiswaycanway……建议实施后的结果 。
Accordingly,itisthehightimethatweplacedgreatemphasisonthisphenomenon。(一定用过去时)。
2.3.9个人选择
三句:第一句点明自己选择,第二句说明选择原因 ,第三句声明其优势作总结 。
切忌在观点上摇晃,如果需要偏向某一观点就一贯坚持本观点:如果是两观点对比就不要显示偏向;如果是两观点选其一就在选择后不再动摇。
个人选择常用首句:
Inmyopinion…自己的选择ismyfavor。
Asforme,Iprefer…选择的to…未选的 。
Allinall ,Iwouldsaythat…选择的getmyapproval。
2.3.10现实运用
通过寄予希望,号召做结尾。
三句:第一句点明其价值,第二句列举其运用或现实中启示 ,第三句给出运用后的预期效果(展望、号召 、希望) 。
现实运用常用首句:
Indeed,thereisawidespreadconcernover…说现实。
Asthepublicawarenessof…现实heightens,peoplewilltryhardtochangethesituation。
Nowanincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethat…说实话。
常用表示展望的句型:
Onlybydoingthisaharmoniousrelationshipwillnotbecontrarytoourexpectations 。(用在描述两者关系时)
Weshouldbeconfidentinourexpectationofabrightfutureinthisarea。(用在期待某事有所改善时)
Abettersituationisnotgoingtobefarfromus。
2.4考研写作最实用论证方法总结:
因果式:图画描述-----原因分析-----解决建议
例证式:现象描述-----举例说明-----判断评论
类比式/对比式:描述-----利弊分析-----判断评论
第三篇实战写作
3.1考研写作科学的写作过程:
1.审题
2.列提纲
3.开始写作
4.检查
第四篇应用文
满分策略:
4.1信函写作:个人书信&事务公函
语域使用:正式—使用礼貌表达,不用缩略语(对公)
半正式—可以使用缩略和口语表达(对私)
非正式(一般不考)——Itdepends
组成部分:称呼、正文、落款
4.1.1格式:称呼 、落款、正文
4.1.2内容
三段(8句):写作目的段、细化段 、感谢或者期待 。
4.1.3各种信函内容安排
建议信:2007年及2009年PartA真题及解析:
基本结构和常用句型:
Dear…
自我介绍 ,赞扬在先,仍需改进,提出建议。
建议细节
期望改进 ,表示感谢。
Yourssincerely
LiMing
与投诉信比较:仍然以提建议为主:无需赞扬,直接表明写信目的—即提建议:最后无需感谢,只需表示期待改进 。
常用句型:
Iamwritingwithmysuggestionabout…。。
Iwouldliketosuggestthat…
Ihopeyouwillfindthesesuggestionshelpful
Iwouldliketoextendmyappreciationifyouaresokindastotakemysuggestionsintoconsideration
Wewouldliketodrawyourattentiontosomethingyouhaveobviouslyfailedtonotice(投诉信)
Iamwritingtoexpressmyconcern|dissatisfaction|disappointmentabout…(投诉信)
Toimprovethesituation,itisadvisableforyoutotakethefollowingmeasures(投诉信)
Wetrustthatyouwillnowconsiderthismatterseriouslyandmakeanefforttopreventtherecurrenceofthiskind(投诉信)
致歉信:2008PartA真题及解析
基本结构和常用句型:
Dear…
表明写信目的:道歉
阐述道歉原因,并提出解决方法 。
再次道歉。
常用句型:
Iamwritingtoapologizetoyouformyfailingto…
Hereismydeepestapologyfor。 。
Iwouldliketoexpressmyapologiesfornotbeingableto…
Iamwritingtoyouwithsomeembarrassmentandmanyapologies。
Excusemeformycarelessnessinmakingsuchamess
Iamreallysorryforthetrouble.WouldyoumindifI….?
Woulditbeconvenientforyou…?
Tomakeupfortheinconveniencecaused,Iwouldliketo。。
Onceagain,Iamsorryforanyinconveniencecaused 。
申请信:2006年PartA真题及解析(申请信&请求信)
基本结构和常用句型:
Dear…
告知信息来源及写信目的
突出重点的自我介绍 ,
附简历
表示感谢。
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
常用句型:
IlearntfromthenewspaperthatyouarewantinganaccountantandIwouldliketoapplyforthejob
Sb,suggestedmetowritetoyouaboutthemedicalphysicistpositionatABCMed-InstrumentCorporation
Enclosedismyresumetoprovideadditionalinformationaboutmyundergraduatework。
Iwouldappreciatetheopportunitytomeetwithyoutodiscussfurtherhowmyqualificationsmeettheneedsofyourorganization 。
Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration。
辞职信:2005年PartA真题及解析(辞职信):
基本结构和常用句型:
Dear…,
写信目的表明要辞职。
给出辞职原因 。
感谢栽培并表示抱歉。
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
常用句型:
IamsorrytotellyouthatIdecidedtoquitthejobofbeinga…职业。
Iamwritingtoinformyouofmydecision:Iamgoingtoquitmypresentjob 。
Pleaseacceptmyapology。
Ihavebeentryinginvaintoconvincemyselfthatthejobisinteresting。
Ihighlyappreciatetheinvaluableexperienceandhappydaysworkinghere 。
Thankyouforyourpatience,understanding,andtrust。
询问信:考研英语大纲样题应用文部分(询问信):
基本结构和常用句型:
Dear…,
自我介绍,表明写信母的是咨询某事。
询问细节。
感谢及相关信息 。
Yoursincerely
LiMing
常用句型:
27.Iamwritingthislettertoinquireabout…
28.Iwantto/wouldliketoknow…
29.Iwonderif…
30.Woulditbepossibleforyouto…?
31.HowshouldIpayforthesebooks?—bycashorbyothermeans?
32.Finally,ifIorderthesebooksnow,whencanIgetthem?Howwillthesebooksbedeliveredtomyhouse?
33.Ishouldbegratefulifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply。
邀请信:
基本结构:
Dear…,
发出邀请。
为何邀请细节 。
期望参加。
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
常用句型:
Wearehavingafarewellparty/agathertogether/meeting/seminarin(place)on(date)at(time).Wouldyouliketocome?(不太正式)
Itismyhonortoinformyouthatthereisanacademicmeetingin(place)on(date)at(time)。(正式)
Wewouldbetoogladtoinviteyouasanexperttoourschoolfortheinquiryofstudyingabroad 。
Ifyouhavenootherplansforthisweekendnight,willyoudousafavorofgoingtoourparty?
接收邀请与谢绝邀请的表达法:都要表示感谢。
Accepttheinvitation:
Successisthelastpersistenceatthetoughestmoment。成功是最艰难时刻的坚持 。
Thankyouverymuchforyourinvitation。
It’sourgreatpleasuretoacceptyourinvitation。
Nothingwouldgiveusgreaterpleasurethanacceptingyourkindinvitation 。
Refusetheinvitation:
Thankyousomuchforyourinvitation,butIhavehadplansatthetime.Ifyoudon’tmind,let’smakeanappointmentnexttimewhenyouareavailable。
IregretthatIcan’tmakeitbecauseofasuddenillness/fullschedule/businesstrip。
范文解析:
DearProfessorWang,
Itismyhonortoinformyouthatthereisa“CultureFestival ”heldinmuschool.WouldyouliketogiveusanexcellentlectureonPhychologyintheauditoriumofourcampusonsept.13that6:30P.M.?
Sincephychologyhascausedmoreandmoreconcernsamongthestudents,andyouareanexpertinthearea,weallexpectyouracceptanceandyourwonderfullecture。
Iverymuchhopethanyouwillbeabletoattendandgiveusatalkinyourbranch.Ifyouhaveanyquestion.Pleasecontactme 。
Lookforwardtohearingyourlecture。
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
感谢信:
基本结构
Dear…,
表示感谢。
感谢缘由及内心感受 。
再次感谢,寄予希望。
常用句型:
Isincerelyappreciateyourkindnessandgenerosity。
Thankyouevermuchforthelatestinformation 。
Pleaseacceptoutsincerestthanksforwhatyouhavedoneforus.(heartfeltgratitude)
Idon’tknowhowtothankyouforsuchgenerousbehavior.ItissomethingthatIwillcherishforalongtimetocome。
Iamnowwritingtoexpressmygreatappreciationforthetimelyhelpyouoffered。
Itwasconsiderateofyoutodomeagreatfavor 。
Iwishtherewereabetterwordthan“thanks”toexpressmyappreciation。
Manythanksagainforyourgeneroushospitality。
WordsfailmewhenIwanttoexpressmygratitudetoyou 。
范文解析:
DearJim,
Iamwritingtoexpressmyheartfeltgratitude.Iamreferringtothatunfortunateaccidenttheotherday,whenIwasknockedoffmybikebyataxi。
Ifithadnotbeenforyourtimelyassistanceingivingmefirstaid,IfearthattheConsequencesmighthavebeenmuchmoreserious.Everynoeagreesthatitwasyourquick-wittedresponseinthatemergencythathasledtothissatisfactoryoutcome。。
Althoughnowdayspeopleinmountingnumberstalkabouttheneedtobeunselfish,weseeveryfewpeoplepracticewhattheypreach.Ifthereweremorepeoplelikeyou,thisworldwouldbeamuchnicerplace 。
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
祝贺信:
基本结构:
Dear….,
表示祝贺 ,为之高兴。
祝贺缘由,劳有所获。
寄予期望,取得更大成就 。
再次祝贺。
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
常用句型:
Congratulationstoyounogettingthescholarship。
Iamjustasproudasyoucanbeofyouandsendmysincerestcongratulationsnoyourachievement/success/graduation 。
Whatwonderfulnews!Iknowhowhappyyoumustbeatthenewsofyourpromotion/election。
Pleaseacceptmyheartiestcongratulationsonyourgraduation/gettingsuchagoodjob。
Iamlookingforwardtohearingmoregoodnewsinyourstudiesandresearchwork 。
范文解析:
DearMr.Smith,
IwasveryhappytolearnthatyouhavebeenelectedPresidentoftheSeotland-ChinaAssociatioinandIwouldlike,onbehalfoftheChinesePeople’sAssociationforFriendshipwithForeignCountriesandinmyownname,toexpresstoyouourwarmestcongratulations。
Ihopethatduringyourtenoreofofficetherelationsoffriendshipandcooperationthatalreadyexistbetweenourtwoorganizationswillbefurtherdeveloped.Letusjoinoureffortstomakegreatercontributionstothepromotionofmutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenthepeople’sofChinaandScotland。
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
慰问信:
基本结构:
Dear…,
表示同情 ,
进行安慰,
鼓励其努力,
在此表示同情 ,并希望其早日复原 。
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
常用句型:
IjustcannottellyouhowsorryIwastolearnofyourunhappyexperience/injury/accident/divorce。
IfeltverysorryindeedwhenIwasinformedofyoursickness。
IwishthereweresomethingIcouldsayordotoeaseyoursenseofloss/tosoftenyourgrief。
Iknowtherewerenowordsthatcanbeacomforttoyounow 。
Ihopethatyouwillsoonbecompletelyrestoredtohealth/getwellagain。
Pleasedon’thesitatetocallonmeifthereisanythingIcandonowandalways。
范文解析:
DearLiGang,
Iwasreallyshockedandsaddenedtohearofyourunhappyexperienceintheearthquake 。
Thereislittlethatanyonecansayordoatatimelikethistoeaseyourgrief,butIwouldexpressmydeepestsympathy。
Inthenextdayorsoyouwillreceivealittlepackagefromme.Ihopeyoulikeit,andthatitwillbeusefulaiyourpresentmoment.What’smore,pleasedon’thesitatetocontactmeifthereisanythingelseIcandonowandalways。
Idohopeyouwillsoongetwellagainandbeabletocomebacktoschool.BeassuredofmyavailabilityandeagernesstohelpinanywayIcan 。
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
4.2备忘录/告示类应用文写作(Memorandum/Notice)
基本结构:
TO:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
DATE:(monthday,year)
正文
签名
模拟题及范文:
Directions:
Youareanactivememberofthestudentnewspaper.Thenewspaperiscurrentlylookingforjournalistsforthesummersemester.Writeamemothatwillappearinthenewspapernextweekdescribingthepositionavailable。
Date:August10,2005
To:Allstudents
From:LiMing
4.3摘要写作(Abstract)
Thisarticlefocusesonthe…。
Thisthesisdiscuss/analyzes… 。
Thispaperprovidesanoverviewof…
Thispaperpresentsup-to-dateinformationon…
1、简单概括
2、描写画面内容,两句话描写一幅图。
3、点明中心:重点又是新起点。
Thisisaveryinterestingandthough-provokingpicture.1asisvividlydepictedinthepicture,thegoalkeeperthoughthewastoosmallforthegateandwasafraidthathecouldnotkeeptheballfromenteringthegate.Butwhattheplayer,whowasreadytoshoot,thoughtaboutthegoalkeepercouldnothelpusthinkingthetruthofthepictureitconveys.Inhiseyes,thegoalkeeperwassostrongthathehadalmostcoveredthewholegate.Andlittledidhehavethechancetowin.2obviously,thetwoplayerslookedatthesamethinginadifferentangle.3(indifferentangles)
简单概括
描写画面内容,每幅图分开描述 ,并递进关系 。
点明中心,从不同视角看待同一问题。
2.现象简介
Today,advertisementsismountingnumbersareappearingontheTVscreen.1theyarenotonlyshownbeforeandafterallkindsofprograms----news,weatherforecastsandquizshows,etc.----buteveninterruptdramasandmovies,2andannoytheviewers.3
1 、概括介绍
2、细节介绍:怎么个多法儿---是节目前后和中间都有
3、带来的后果就是激怒观众。
3.寓意象征
Whatavividandaccratepictureitiswhendescribingthemeaningofloveinthedark.1Asisshowninthepicture,theloveisjustlikethelightinthepicture,whichseemsinsignificantinthesun,butitcertainlyshinesbrighterinthedark.2inotherwords,thedarkertheplaceis,themorepreciousthelightwillbe.3loveissomewhatthesame.Itsurelymeansmuchmoertothemanwhoisingreatdifficultythantotheonewhoisincomforts.4
简要评价
对画面的简单描述。(结合love对画面进行分析)
寓意说明,符合题目要求
结论:灯光在越微弱的地方越明亮,爱心在越需要的地方越有价值
Species’extinctioninAmerica.Facingthefigures,wecanonlyadmitthatAmerica’spopulationgrowthhashadundesirableeffectonitswildlifeandwillstillposeaformidablethreattoitswildliferesourcesifsufficientcareisnotgiven.3
※1 、总括介绍了图画内容(运用对比 ,强调后者)
※2、特别好的过渡方式:不是描述胜过描述
※3、结论:如果不足以重视,结果不堪设想
4 、原因分析
(AsfarasIamconcerned,thereareseveralreasonsaccountingforthephenomenon 。)1Firstandforemost,thereasonsforthisphenomenonarethatTVisthemostefficientandrapidwayofdissemination(传播)information.2AsChinadevelopsitshighlycompetitivemarketeconomy,manufacturersandsalespeople(salespersons)needtoinformthegeneralpublicofthelatestcommoditiesthatareavailable.3Furthermore,TVstationsusethemoneythattheyearnfromshowingtheadvertisementstoproducemoreprograms.Lastbutnotleast,itisnecessarytokeepconsumersinformedoftherangeof(the)productsthattheymaychoosefrom。(原文的过渡出现在下一段)
※1、阐述中心,或者引导本段。
※2、例举原因
※3 、对已经提出原因的拓展
However,thetobaccoconsumptionisexperiencingadecrease,1Accordingtothegivenfigures,thetobaccoproductionin1994was14.364billionpoundswhilein1995itreducedto14.2billionpounds.Thisismainlybecause2moreandmorepeoplehavebecomeawareoftheharmofsmokingtohumanbrings.Manyofthemresisttheaddictiontotobaccoandadvisepeoplearoundnottosmoke.Furthermore,governmentsofmanycountriesrealizingtheseriouseffectsoftobaccohavetakeneffectivemeasurestocallonpeopletogiveupsmoking.SoIbelieveahealthytomorrowoflesstobaccowillbeachievedthrougheffortsofeveryperson.3
※1、阐述中心
※2、列举原因 ,this作过渡词
※3 、如果减少吸烟人群,可能产生的结果(注意命题的积极倾向,展望未来式很合命题者口味)
5、利弊分析
Inthecountry,ontheotherhand,onecanenjoytheadvantagesoffreshairandfood,andamorerelaxed(relaxing)lifestyle.Housingisusuallyspaciousandinexpensiveinthecountry.Iand,asforrecreation,whatcouldbemorerelaxingthanastrolldownacountrylaneamidbeautifulscenery?2However,therearedisadvantagesoflivingineitherthecityorthecountry.3Cityairtendstobepolluted,andthestreetsarealwayscrowdedandnoisy.Inthecountry,ontheotherhand,thelackofstimulatingactivitiescanmakeapersonfeelboredandisolated.4
※1、列举乡村居住的优势
※2、对优势的拓展说明
※3 、过渡说明:劣势开始
※4、列举无论城乡居住皆有劣势
6、举例说明
Itseemsreasonablewhenpeoplelaughatthecartoon,butitwouldnolongerbelaughablewhenpeoplefindsimilarthingstakingplaceinourdailylife.1Recentlythereisatrendofmakingpromisesinvariousfieldsofoursociety.Fromdepartmentsofgovernmenttocommonshoppingcenters,manybusinesseswhosuppleproductsofofferserviceshavemadevariouspromisestotheircustomersorservicereceivers.2Theyasserttheirproductstobeofgoodqualityorpromisetoofferexcellentservice.3Asamatteroffact,manyofthesebusinessesclaiminthesamewaythat(比较)thehenintheabovecartoonpromisestolayeggs.4
※1 、过渡:第一段说到可笑 ,下面就谈不可笑——连接
※2、例子:商场、政府的承诺行为
※3 、拓展:深化承诺行为的细节
※4、结论:同母鸡下蛋的承诺一样虚无没有价值
※表示性质,代替adj.=of+n 。(小作文高分必杀)
e.g.helpful=ofanyhelpassistant=ofanyassistancegood=ofanygoodharmful=ofanyharm
Thefollowingexampleswillsupportthispoint.1Inschools,aunit-examnotonlydeclarestheendoftheformerunit,butalsoactsasareminderofthepreviewworkforthenextunit.Inthebusinessfield,whataCEOneedstodoattheendofayearismorethanreviewandsummarize(reviewandsummarizing).Itisthetimetoformulateandeffectiveandefficientdevelopmentplanfornextyear.2Justturnbacktothesportsground。(句号结束)althoughinfrontoftheendthereisn’tarealstart---arrowhead,theresurelyexistsaninvisibleonesprouting(appearing)ineveryathlete’smind,blooming(being)thetrainingstrategyofthepreparationfornextcompetition.3
※1、承上启下
※2 、举例论证
※3、举例的同时说明结论:终点又是新起点,正是这种心态成为下次比赛成功的技巧或策略。
7、判断评论
Itisclearthatpromiseiswhatyouclaimyoucandooryouwilldo,notwhatyoureallyareoryouareexpectedtobe.1Generallyspeaking,itisgoodandsometimesnecessarytomakecommitmenttopeople,butpromisingwhatyoumustorshoulddocanbeconsideredakindofcheating.2Whatthecartoonreallyaimsatisnotthefunnypictureitselfbuttocriticizethispopularphenomenonexistinginoursociety.3
※1 、既点名了本段主题:谈承诺 ,又是一个定义,起承上启下作用 。
※2、自己的建议。
※3、再次强调“承诺”这一社会现象。
8、问题建议
Childeducationhasbecomeoneofthemostpopulartopicsdiscussednotonlybyeducationalexperts,butalsobypeopleinallwalks(职业 、行业)oflife.1Thefailureofchildeducationdoesmoreharmtothedevelopmentofoursocietyandourcivilizationthantothechildrenthemselves.Thus,it’shightimethatparents,educatorsandthegovernmentmadeconcerted(共同努力的,同心协力的 ,conert得来)effortstoputanendtothissituation.2(家长,老师和政府应该怎么做)
※1、引出本段主题,儿童教育的现状,用婉转的方式表达 。
※2、本段结论:三方行动
Inourlife,whatweneedmostisself-insuranceandaproperviewofchallengesbeforeus.1Therefore,weshouldbearinmindthatourcompetitorsmaynotbeasterrible(frightening)asexpected,andourpainstakingeffortswillpayoffaslongaswearmourselveswithcourageandconfidence.2Onlyinthiswaycanweovercomeanydifficultiesandchallenges.3
※1 、从自己角度提出意见
※2、具体行动的方法
※3、only表示强调 ,以及建议的价值。
9 、个人选择
Allinall,Iwouldsaythatlivinginthecityisbest(better),1fortheconveniencethecityoffersintermsofeducationandwork(jobopportunities);2afterall,onecanalwaysspendvacationsinthecountry---andgetthebestofboth.3
※1、选择结果
※2、选择原因
※3 、总结
Asforme,Ihavealwaysledaregularlife.1Byeverydayexercises,Ibuildupastrongbody,2andbyreadingintensivelyIlearntoacquireaproperattitudetowardlife.3
※1、个人选择或实践
※2、选择带来的好的后果
※3 、拓展
10、现实运用
Asweallknow,childrenarethefutureofourcountry,Theirhealthygrowthhasthereforebecomeaseriousconcernamongmanypeople.1Itshouldbemadeclearthattoomuchcareisnotlove.Therealloveandcareforthemaretopreparethemforthefuture.Whenfacedwithdifficulties,theycansummonupthecourageandexerttheirstrengthtoovercomethedifficulties.Whenfacedwithfiercecompetition,theycanemploytheirknowledge,skillsandexperiencetoconfrontwiththeirrival.2Thisistheyoungergenerationwecanexpect.3
※1、价值体现:孩子关乎祖国的未来。
※2、启示:重要的原因
※3 、寄予希望
2007年范文写作
首段:图画描述:
Thisisaseriesofinterestingandthought-provokingpictures.Agoalkeeper,whoistryinghardtokeeptheballfromthegoal,seeshimselfasadwarf.What’sfunnieristhatthefootball-player,preparingtokicktheball,regardsthegoalkeeperashugeasthegoal.Themeaningconveyedbythepictureisclearbutprofound.Bothofthemlackcourageandconfidenceinfrontofchallenges 。
中间段:寓意象征+举例说明
Themajorityofpeoplewouldagreethateveryonemayfeelchallengedwhenapowerfulrivalappearsinhis/hermind.Whatdividesthemintosuccessesandlosersistheirattitudetowardsconfidence。(Wecaneasilyfindtheequivalentofthetopicdiscussedhereinoursurroundings。)We,undergraduatesgirdingourselvesfortheNETEM(theExaminationforpostgraduatecandidates),provideagoodillustration.Someofusfeeldepressedwhenthinkingthattheyarenotabletopreparewell,sotheyevengiveupthechanceofparticipatingintheexamination.Infact,theexamisnotasdifficultastheysuppose,andalittlemorecourageandconfidencewillmotivatethemtoachievethefinalsuccesss。
尾段:建议+展望
Accordingly,itisthetimethatweplacedgreatemphasisonbuildingupourconfidence.Whatweshouldbearinmindisthatnoonecanovercomedifficultieswithoutconfidence 。(Inotherwords,Weshouldbehonestaboutthechallengesweface。)onlyinthiswawecansearightgoal.challengeit,andachieveit。
Tips:
1.稳重下体的部分是精彩的语言 ,即文章的高分点,希望同学们学习 。
2.文中有下划线的部分是范文的错误,希望大家思考 ,然后改正,避免自己在写作时犯这样的错误。
3.再次强调,希望大家不要背范文 ,学习精彩的句式表达,背会,通过多练习掌握这些句型。
小作文范文及解析
2007年PartA真题及解析(投诉信&建议信):
Directions:
Writealettertoyouruniversitylibrary,makingsuggestionsforimproveingitsservice.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.
Donotsignyourownnameatthedenoftheletter.Ues“LiMing ”instead.Donotwritetheaddress 。
ToWhomItMayConcern,
Iamastudentinthisuniversitywhoregularlycomestothelibrarytospendmasparetime.Generallyspeaking,theservicesyouofferherearequitegood;however,Ihavesomesuggestionsforyoutoadopt.AndIwouldliketoextendmygreatestappreciationifyouaresokindastotakemysuggestionsintoconsideration。
Tobeginwith,willyoupleaseprolongthetimeforreading?Inthedaytime,mostofthestudentsarehavingclasses,sotheycan’tcometothelibrary.Moreover,someofthebooksonshelvesareoutofdate.Ifyouaresokindastoprovideussomebookssuchasthelatestmagazines,wewillbeverypleased。
Ireallywishtohaveamorecomfortablelibrary.Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration 。
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
2008PartA真题及解析(致歉信):
Directions:
YouhavejustcomebackfromCanadaandfoundamusicCDinyourluggagethatyouforgottoreturntoBob,yourlandlordthere.Writehimaletterto
makeanapology,and
suggestasolution。
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.
Donotsignyourownnameatthedenoftheletter.Ues“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress。
解析
DearBob,
Iamwritingtoexpressmyapologytoyou 。
Severaldaysago ,IborrowedyourmusicCDwhenIlivedinyourhouse.Unfortunately,afterIcamebackfromCanada,Ifounditinmyluggage.WasinsuchanhurrythatIforgottoreturnittoyou.Iwillsendittoyoubypostofexposeassoonaspossible.Ifnecessary,Iwillcompensateforanytroublesitmaycause。
Onceagain ,Ifeelsosorryforanyinconvenrencecaused.Pleaseacceptmyapologies。
Sincerelyyours,
LiMing
2006年PartA真题及解析(申请信&请求信)
Directions:
YouwanttocontributetoprojectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildinaremotearea.Writealettertothedepartmentconcerned,askingthemtohelpfindacandidate.Youshouldspecifywhatkindofchildyouwanttohelpandhowyouwillcarryoutyourplan。
Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter ,use“LiMing”instead 。
Donotwritetheaddress。(10points)
解析:
ToWhomItMayConcern,
IamwritingthislettertoyoutoaskifthereisachildinneedoffinancialsponsorshipthroughtheHopeFoundation。
Iamwillingtogivefinancialaidtothosechildrenwhohavenothadachancetoreceiveeducationinpoverty-strickenarea 。Iwouldliketohelptwokindsofchildren:first,thosewhodonothaveastablesourcewhichcancovertheireducationfees ,andsecond,thosewhoseacademicperformanceinschoolisexcellent.Ihavedecidedtocommitmyselftosavethenecessary
financialaidrequiredtoaccomplishmygoal.Iwouldalsoliketobekeptinformedastotheacademicprogressofeachstudenteveryterm。
Ihavenotdoubt(Thereisnotdoubt)thatImeetthecriteriarequiredforasponsorandlookforwardtohearingfromyou。
Thankyouforyourconsideration 。
Yourssincerely
LiMing
推荐信:
Dear,
写作意图:简单介绍,自己与被推荐人关系 ,推荐他做什么。
推荐原因:被推荐人的相关工作经历或个性特点,应当突出与写信人的相关性。
感谢与期待 。
Yourssincerely
LiMing
解析:
DearSir,
ItiswithagreatpleasurethatIrecommendtoyouMr.LiLei,anoutstandingaccountant,forworkinginyourfirm。
Mr.LigraduatedfromChinaFinancialUniversityin1991,majoringinaccountancy,Aftergraduation,hecametoourfirmtobeanaccountant.In1996heobtainedthecertificateofacertifiedaccountant,andin2001hewaspromotedtotheoneofthechiefaccountantsofourfirmbecauseofhisexcellentwork。
Inassociationwithme,mr.liimpressedmethathewasafriendlyandpleasantgentleman,devotedtohisfirmandprofession.itissurelyahugelossforourfirmthathehastoleaveusforsomepersonalreasons 。
Irecommendmr.liwithoutreservationandbelieveyouwillfindhimarealtreasureverysoon。。
Yourssincerely,
Liming
2005年parta真题及解析(辞职信):
Directions:
Twomonthsagoyougotajobasaneditorforthemagazinedesignandfashion.butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.Writealettertoyourboss,mr.wang,
Tellinghimyourdecision,statingyourreason(s) ,andmakinganapology。
Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WrteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“liming”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheadress 。
解析:
Dearmr.wang,
IamwritingthislettertoapologizethatIwillquitthepositionasaneditiorforyouareyourmagazineforthereasonofmyself。
Twomonthsago,Iwasacceptedbythedesignandfashions,asamemberofit.Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythekindness,diligenceofallstaffmembersaroundme.Butduringthespanofworkinghere,IhavecometorealizethatthejobprobablyisnotsuitableformebecauseIwantamorepescefullife,suchasateacher.AndyouknowthatIamnotanoutgoinggirl.IfindthatIamnotabletodevoteallmyeffortstoajobwhichIdonotresllylike。
SoIamawfullysorrytotellyoumydecisiontoquit.pleaseacceptmyapology 。
Yourssincerely,
Liming
2009年考研英语大纲样题应用文部分(询问信)
Directions:
YouarepreparingforanEnglishtestandareinneedofsomereferencebooks.Writealetterto
thesalesdepartmentofbookstoretoaskfor:
detailedinformationaboutthebooksyouwant,
methodsofpayment,
timeandwayofdelivery。
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheend
Oftheletter.Use“LiMing ”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress。
解析:
DearSir/Madam,
AsastudentpreparingforTOEFLinthecomingMay ,Iamwritingtoaskifyouhave
AppochestoTOEFLcompliedbyprofessorWamgSmingandpublishedbyUniversityCollege
Pressin2006(注意次序)
Ifyouhavethebookforsale,I’dliketomailorderit.PleaselletmeknowifIcanpayforit.bymoneyorderordoyouacceptthecreditcard?
I’dappreciateitifyoucouldsendmethebookatyourearliestconveniencebyEMStothefollowingaddress:
LiMing
Room158,studentdormitoryno.8
Westcampus,Beijinguniversity
Beijing,100081
Sincerelyyours
LiMing
第五篇补充部分
应用文—摘要参考
Tobeginwith,thepurposeofthewriteristoshowusthat(中心词一)isofgratesignificance,yetthethough-provokingimplicationsconveyedshouldbetakenmorecarefully.Somedrivingfactorsthatcontributetotheabove-mentionedissuemaybesummarizedasfollows.Aboveall,wemaylookintoeverypossiblereasonexcepttheleadingcause,whichis(分论点一) 。Inaddition,asfarastheauthorisconcerned,(分论点二)isofutmostimportancetobothoursocietyandourselves.Tosumup,byanalyzingthesefactorsillustratedintheessay,wemaydrawtheconclusionthatimportanceshouldbeattachedto(中心词二)
看图说话作文
第一段
第二段
(一)社会问题、社会现象=养老、追星 、过度捕捞、母鸡
Whattheauthorillustratesinthecartoonreflectsahottopicwhichcausedourconcern:theproblemofdrawsmoreandmoreattentionfrommanyquarters。
Naturally,itisnotacoincidence.Severalfactorscouldaccountforitandthefollowingarethemostcriticalones:
①经济原因Anybehaviorhasprofoundeconomicmotivationandthesamegoeswithn./n短语
②公共意识Thepublicfailtoseetheconsequenceoftheproblemconveyedbythepictureaboveandletitgowithouttakinganyaction。
③法律法规Therelevantauthoritiesfailtoseetheconsequenceofanddidnotmakerelatedlawsandregulationsintimetocontrolit 。
④家庭教育Noteveryparentsisqualifiedforbringingupchildrensuccessfully,andthustheirchildren
Noothercasecanbetterillustratethispoint(theseverityofthisproblem)thanthephenomenondescribesintheabovepicture(s)。
(二)关于人生的抽象(信心、团结 、不断进取、爱心)有之如何,没有又如何
Whattheauthorillustratesinthecartoonreflectsahottopicwhichcausedourconcern:itisthatplayavitalroleinonesentirelife.Naturally,anyonewhoisinpossessionofislikelytoovercometheobstacleswhichareinevitableifonesareproceedingforwardandachievesuccessivesuccesses.However,thereareagreatnumberofpeoplelackingin.Forthem,itistoughtocrackthehardnutsanddealwiththechallenges.Andanyminorbarriertendtobeafactorthatleadstotheirfinalfailure.TheabovepictureisavividreflectionofwhatIhavediscussed。
(三)关于社会中具体事物利弊分析(网络、汽车)
Whattheauthorillustratesinthecartoonreflectsahottopicwhichcausedourconcern:thewidepresenceofhascausedmixedresult.Itisnotadifficultjobtorealizeitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.However,inmyopinion,itsattractionsoutweighitsshortcomings,thoughnoonecandenyitsdisadvantages.Tobeginwith,……Furthermore,……Thephenomenondescribedintheabovepicturevividlyreflectswhatwehavediscussed 。
第三段
(一)Itisurgentforustotakemeasurestominimizeandeveneliminateitsdisadvantages.Thecurrentstateofaffairsmayhavebeenencouraged---thoughnotjustified---bythelackoflegalpenalty.Itisapromisingstarttotakelegislativeinitiativemakethebehaviorof…illegal。
(二)Accordingtotheanalysisabove,itisurgentforustotakemeasurestomaximizeitsadvantagesandminimizeitsdisadvantages.Ofthestepsthatwecantake,tomakethepublicrealizeitscomplexisofmostimportance,for,consciousnessisthepreconditionofaction.Onlyafterbeingconscious,canwetakeconcretemeasurestomakeouraimcometrue。
电视剧