翻译硕士#2020考研究生翻译硕士#语音学概述

类目：三人行考研网>翻译硕士>正文

时间：2019-11-0716:58:35

　经过暑期复习相信很多考生的成绩有了不错的提升，咱们准备考翻硕说的考生人数也比较多 ，竞争也是比较激烈的，以下是三人行考研网小编为大家整理了“2020考研翻译硕士：语音学概述”的相关信息
，希望考生能够学习到相关知识，帮助到大家 。

语音学是语言学介绍的第一章节的内容 ，因为语音是最小的语言单位
，在此基础上构成单词，句子 ，才有接下来的形态学和句法学。语音学主要涉及到三个知识点
，一是语音学的定义，二是语音学的分类 ，三是元音和辅音
。

一 、语音学的定义

Thestudyofthespeechsoundsthatoccurinallhumanlanguagesiscalledphonetics.Thetaskofphoneticsistoidentifywhatarespeechsoundsinalanguageandthentostudytheircharacteristics.

对于语言学来说
，每一个微观分支下最需要掌握的就是定义，学会把握微观语言学定义的重要关键词是记忆概念的要点。

二、语音学的分类

Accordingtotheprocessofspeechproductionandperception,phoneticsincludesthreebranches:articulatoryphonetics,auditoryphonetics,andacousticphonetics.

(1)Articulatoryphonetics:Itisabranchofphoneticswhichisthestudyoftheproductionofspeechsounds.

(2)Auditoryphonetics:Itisabranchofphoneticswhichstudiesthesoundsfromthehearer'spointofview,thatis,howthesoundsareperceivedbythehearer.

(3)Acousticphonetics:Itisabranchofphoneticswhichstudiesthephysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeech.

三
、元音和辅音

(1)元音(元音的定义和分类标准)

Vowelsaresoundsproducedwithoutobstruction,sonoturbulenceoratotalstoppingofthe

aircanbeperceived.

Thecriteriaofvoweldescriptionareasfollows：

Theheightofthetongueraising一high,mid,low

Thepositionofthehighestpartofthetongue一front,central,back

Thelengthortensenessofthevowel&mdashlong,shortortense,lax

Theshapeofthelips&mdashrounded,unrounded.

(2)辅音(辅音的定义和分类标准)

Consonantsaresoundsproducedbyconstrictingorobstructingthevocaltractatsomeplacetodivert,impedeorcompletelyshutofftheflowofairintheoralcavity.

Theclassificationsofconsonantsareasfollows:

Bymannerofarticulation:Theconsonantscanbegroupedintostops,nasals,fricatives,approximants,laterals,trill,tap,flapandaffricates.InEnglish,[p,b,t,d,k,g]arestops[m,n,g]arenasals[f,v,&theta,ð,s,z,ʃ,Ʒ,h]arefricatives[w,ɪ,j]areapproximants[l]isalateral[ts,dz,tr,dr]areaffricates.

Byplaceofarticulation:Theconsonantscanbegroupedintobilabials,labiodentals,dentals,alveolars,postalveolars,retro-flex,palatals,velars,uvulars,pharyngeals,andglottal.InEnglish,[p,b,m]arebilabials[f,v]arelabiodentals[&theta,ð]aredentals[t,d,n,s,z,ɪ,l]arealveolars[ʃ,Ʒ]arepostalveolars[j]isapalatal[k,g,&eta]arevelars[h]isaglottal.

(3)协同发音

Itreferstotheprocessofsimultaneousoroverlappingarticulationswhensoundsshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbors.Itincludesanticipatorycoarticulationandpreservativecoarticulation.

Anticipatorycoarticulation:Ifthesoundbecomesmorelikethefollowingsound,asinthe

caseoflamb,itisknownasanticipatorycoarticulation.

Preservativecoarticulation:Ifthesoundbecomesmoreliketheprecedingsound,asinthecaseofmap,wecallthisprocesspreservativecoarticulation.

Phonetictranscription:Itincludesthenarrowtranscriptionandthebroadtranscription.Phonetictranscriptionsareplacedbetweensquarebrackets([]).

这部分需要重视的一点是 ，协同发音属于语音学的范畴
，要对这个概念有明确的认识 。