翻译硕士#2015年对外经济贸易大学翻硕考研究生#词汇汉译英答案

类目：三人行考研网>翻译硕士>正文

时间：2020-07-2718:30:30

考研备考的过程中，是必不可少的 。下面是三人行考研网搜集整理的2015年对外经济贸易大学英语翻译基础考研——词汇翻译汉译英部分答案
。

汉译英：从10个terms里面挑5个translateanddefinethembrieflyinEnglish(共15分 ，一个3分)

1、UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment(UNCTAD)

Establishedin1964,theUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment(UNCTAD)promotesthedevelopment-friendlyintegrationofdevelopingcountriesintotheworldeconomy.UNCTADhasprogressivelyevolvedintoanauthoritativeknowledge-basedinstitutionwhoseworkaimstohelpshapecurrentpolicydebatesandthinkingondevelopment,withaparticularfocusonensuringthatdomesticpoliciesandinternationalactionaremutuallysupportiveinbringingaboutsustainabledevelopment.

或者

TheUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment(UNCTAD)wasestablishedin1964asapermanentintergovernmentalbody.UNCTADistheprincipalorganoftheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblydealingwithtrade,investment,anddevelopmentissues.Theorganization'sgoalsareto:"maximizethetrade,investmentanddevelopmentopportunitiesofdevelopingcountriesandassistthemintheireffortstointegrateintotheworldeconomyonanequitablebasis."TheprimaryobjectiveofUNCTADistoformulatepoliciesrelatingtoallaspectsofdevelopmentincludingtrade,aid,transport,financeandtechnology.Theconferenceordinarilymeetsonceinfouryears;thepermanentsecretariatisinGeneva.

2 、GeneralisedSystemofPreferences(GSP)

TheGeneralizedSystemofPreferences,orGSP,isapreferentialtariffsystemwhichprovidesforaformalsystemofexemptionfromthemoregeneralrulesoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO),(formerly,theGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradeorGATT).Specifically,it'sasystemofexemptionfromthemostfavorednationprinciple(MFN)thatobligesWTOmembercountriestotreattheimportsofallotherWTOmembercountriesnoworsethantheytreattheimportsoftheir"mostfavored"tradingpartner.Inessence,MFNrequiresWTOmembercountriestotreatimportscomingfromallotherWTOmembercountriesequally,thatis,byimposingequaltariffsonthem,etc.GSPexemptsWTOmembercountriesfromMFNforthepurposeofloweringtariffsfortheleastdevelopedcountries,withoutalsoloweringtariffsforrichcountries

3
、NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA)

TheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA)isanagreementsignedbyCanada,Mexico,andtheUnitedStates,creatingatrilateralrules-basedtradeblocinNorthAmerica.TheagreementcameintoforceonJanuary1,1994.ItsupersededtheCanada–UnitedStatesFreeTradeAgreementbetweentheU.S.andCanada.NAFTAhastwosupplements:theNorthAmericanAgreementonEnvironmentalCooperation(NAAEC)andtheNorthAmericanAgreementonLaborCooperation(NAALC).IntermsofcombinedpurchasingpowerparityGDPofitsmembers,asof2013thetradeblocisthelargestintheworldaswellasbynominalGDPcomparison.

4、wordofmouth
，publicpraise

Wordofmouthisthepassingofinformationfrompersontopersonbyoralcommunication,whichcouldbeassimpleastellingsomeonethetimeofday.Storytellingisacommonformofword-of-mouthcommunicationwhereonepersontellsothersastoryaboutarealeventorsomethingmadeup.Oraltraditionisculturalmaterialandtraditionstransmittedbywordofmouththroughsuccessivegenerations.Storytellingandoraltraditionareformsofwordofmouththatplayimportantrolesinfolkloreandmythology.Anotherexampleoforalcommunicationisoralhistory—therecording,preservationandinterpretationofhistoricalinformation,basedonthepersonalexperiencesandopinionsofthespeaker.Oralhistorypreservationisthefieldthatdealswiththecareandupkeepoforalhistorymaterialscollectedbywordofmouth,whateverformattheymaybein.

5 、billofexchange

Abillofexchangeor"draft"isawrittenorderbythedrawertothedraweetopaymoneytothepayee.Acommontypeofbillofexchangeisthecheque(checkinAmericanEnglish),definedasabillofexchangedrawnonabankerandpayableondemand.Billsofexchangeareusedprimarilyininternationaltrade,andarewrittenordersbyonepersontohisbanktopaythebeareraspecificsumonaspecificdate.Priortotheadventofpapercurrency,billsofexchangewereacommonmeansofexchange.Theyarenotusedasoftentoday.

6
、dumping

Ineconomics,"dumping"isakindofpredatorypricing,especiallyinthecontextofinternationaltrade.Itoccurswhenmanufacturersexportaproducttoanothercountryatapriceeitherbelowthepricechargedinitshomemarketorbelowitscostofproduction.

7、nichemarketing

Nichemarketingismarketingaproductorserviceinasmallportionofamarketthatisnotbeingreadilyservedbythemainstreamproductorserviceproviders.Nearlyeverythingwetakeforgranted–fromthefastfoodchains,conveniencestores,evenWal-Mart–beganasabusinesstofillperceivedvoidsinthemarketplace.These“niches ”canbegeographicareas,aspecialtyindustry,ademographicorethnicgroup,aspecificgendergroup,orotherspecialgroupofpeople.

8 、Franchising

Franchisingisthepracticeoftherighttouseafirm'ssuccessfulbusinessmodelandbrandforaprescribedperiodoftime.Theword"franchise"isofAnglo-Frenchderivation—fromfranc,meaningfree—andisusedbothasanounandasa(transitive)verb.Forthefranchiser,thefranchiseisanalternativetobuilding"chainstores"todistributegoodsthatavoidstheinvestmentsandliabilityofachain.Thefranchisor'ssuccessdependsonthesuccessofthefranchisees.Thefranchiseeissaidtohaveagreaterincentivethanadirectemployeebecauseheorshehasadirectstakeinthebusiness.Essentially,andintermsofdistribution,thefranchisorisasupplierwhoallowsanoperator,orafranchisee,tousethesupplier'strademarkanddistributethesupplier'sgoods.Inreturn,theoperatorpaysthesupplierafee.Thirtythreecountries—includingtheUnitedStatesandAustralia—havelawsthatexplicitlyregulatefranchising,withthemajorityofallothercountrieshavinglawswhichhaveadirectorindirectimpactonfranchising.

9、marketsegmentation

Marketsegmentationisamarketingstrategythatinvolvesdividingabroadtargetmarketintosubsetsofconsumers,businesses,orcountrieswhohavecommonneedsandpriorities,andthendesigningandimplementingstrategiestotargetthem.Marketsegmentationstrategiesmaybeusedtoidentifythetargetcustomers,andprovidesupportingdataforpositioningtoachieveamarketingplanobjective.Businessesmaydevelopproductdifferentiationstrategies,oranundifferentiatedapproach,involvingspecificproductsorproductlinesdependingonthespecificdemandandattributesofthetargetsegment.

10
、countertrade

　　Countertrademeansexchanginggoodsorserviceswhicharepaidfor,inwholeorpart,withothergoodsorservices,ratherthanwithmoney.Amonetaryvaluationcanhoweverbeusedincountertradeforaccountingpurposes.Indealingsbetweensovereignstates,thetermbilateraltradeisused.OR"Anytransactioninvolvingexchangeofgoodsorserviceforsomethingofequalvalue."

随着天气渐渐转凉，秋季的脚步临近 ，考研人告别酷热的8月
，在不知不觉中进入到秋季强化阶段。在这一关键时期，不论从身心上还是复习备考 ，考生都进入了疲惫时期，因此一定要学会适当调节自己的情绪
，考研人从不言放弃 。三人行考研网特为广大学子推出2016考研、系列备考专题，针对每一个科目要点进行深入的指导分析 ，欢迎各位考生了解咨询
。同时
，三人行考研网一直为大家推出，足不出户就可以边听课边学习 ，为大家的考研梦想助力！