教育学#2009年考研究生英语翻译及答案

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时间：2017-08-1617:44:58

以下是三人行考研网小编为大家整理的“2009年考研英语翻译及答案 ”，以供广大考生参考 ，希望对你们有所帮助。

2009年考研英语翻译及答案

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Thereisamarkeddifferencebetweentheeducationwhicheveryonegetsfromlivingwithothers,andthedeliberateeducatingoftheyoung.Intheformercasetheeducationisincidentalitisnaturalandimportant,butitisnottheexpressreasonoftheassociation.(1)Itmaybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperiencebutthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive.Religiousassociationsbegan,forexample,inthedesiretosecurethefavorofoverrulingpowersandtowardoffevilinfluencesfamilylifeinthedesiretogratifyappetitesandsecurefamilyperpetuitysystematiclabor,forthemostpart,becauseofenslavementtoothers,etc.(2)Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitutionnoted,andonlymoregraduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution.Eventoday,inourindustriallife,apartfromcertainvaluesofindustriousnessandthrift,theintellectualandemotionalreactionoftheformsofhumanassociationunderwhichtheworld'sworkiscarriedonreceiveslittleattentionascomparedwithphysicaloutput.

Butindealingwiththeyoung,thefactofassociationitselfasanimmediatehumanfact,gainsinimportance.(3)Whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwiththemtheeffectofouractsupontheirdisposition,itisnotsoeasyasindealingwithadults.Theneedoftrainingistooevidentthepressuretoaccomplishachangeintheirattitudeandhabitsistoourgenttoleavetheseconsequenceswhollyoutofaccount.(4)Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshareinacommonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornoweareformingthepowerswhichwillsecurethisability.Ifhumanityhasmadesomeheadwayinrealizingthattheultimatevalueofeveryinstitutionisitsdistinctivelyhumaneffectwemaywellbelievethatthislessonhasbeenlearnedlargelythroughdealingswiththeyoung.

(5)Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducationalprocesswhichwehavebeensofarconsidering,amoreformalkindofeducation--thatofdirecttuitionorschooling.Inundevelopedsocialgroups,wefindverylittleformalteachingandtraining.Thesegroupsmainlyrelyforinstillingneededdispositionsintotheyounguponthesamesortofassociationwhichkeepstheadultsloyaltotheirgroup.

答案解析

PartC

1.虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生方面所起的作用
，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分 。

2.人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这&mdash副产品，而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢
。

3.虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响 ，然而在与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。

4.由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融
，因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量 。

5.这就使我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正式的教育形式，即直接讲授或学校教育
。