教育学#2002年考研究生英语翻译及答案

类目：三人行考研网>教育学>正文

时间：2017-08-1517:31:25

以下是三人行考研网小编为大家整理的“2002年考研英语翻译及答案”，以供广大考生参考 ，希望对你们有所帮助。

2002年考研英语翻译及答案

PartB

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.1)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.2)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.3)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalprescientificviews,andthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.4)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andtheyareessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerning“values. ”Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?5)Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.

答案解析

　　PartB(10points)

1.难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感 、性格特征
、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源 。

2.行为科学之所以发展缓慢
，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到
。

3.自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明 ，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。

4.自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的
，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提 。

5.(如果)这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥 ，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥
。