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教育学#2003年考研究生英语翻译及答案

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时间:2017-08-1517:31:25

以下是三人行考研网小编为大家整理的“2003年考研英语翻译及答案”,以供广大考生参考 ,希望对你们有所帮助。

2003年考研英语翻译及答案

PartB

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.1)Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.

“Anthropology ”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos:“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”Byitsveryname,anthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.

Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.2)Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.

Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.

Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.3)Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.

Anthropologicalanalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.4)Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety. ”Thisinsight,soprofoundinitssimplicity,openedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned,shared,andpatternedbehavior.

5)Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture,”liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.

答案解析

PartB(10points)

1.而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象 。

2.社会科学是知识探索的一个分支 ,它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样,用理性的、有序的 、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。

3.强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角 ,使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

4.泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体 ,它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德 、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯 ” 。

5.因此,人类学中“文化 ”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样,是一个抽象概念 ,它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。