医学#2017年考研究生英语二阅读理解Text 4及答案

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时间：2017-08-2818:24:23

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Text4

Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement.

In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billionannualbudgetfightingfires-nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagency'sotherwork-suchasforestconservation,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep-thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.

Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?

"It'salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectiveforthewholecountry,"hesays.Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.Like,"Waitaminute,isthisOK?""Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?"

SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,researcherssay.

Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange-howthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.

Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn'tcomeattheexpenseoftherestoftheequation.

"Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinteractionsgobothways,"hesays.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto"anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Ourperceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesverylimited."

Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfire'sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,shesays.

"We'vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,"Balchsays."Itisreallyimportanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfiretoday."

36.[题干]Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015they_____.

[选项]

A.exhaustedunprecedentedmanagementefforts

B.consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget

C.severelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstates

D.causedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditure

[答案]B

37.[题干]Moritzcallsfortheuseof"amagnifyingglass"to_____.

[选项]

A.raisemorefundsforfire-proneareas

B.avoidtheredirectionoffederalmoney

C.findwildfire-freepartsofthelandscape

D.guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds

[答案]D

38.[题干]Whileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat_____.

[选项]

A.publicdebateshavenotsettledyet

B.fire-fightingconditionsareimproving

C.otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlooked

D.ashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplace

[答案]C

39.[题干]TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto_____.

[选项]

A.discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnature

B.explorethemechanismofthehumansystems

C.maximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlife

D.understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature

[答案]D

40.[题干]ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould_____.

[选项]

A.doawaywith

B.cometotermswith

C.payapricefor

D.keepawayfrom

[答案]B