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道(dào)
本义指人所行之路,引申而有三重含义:其一 ,指不同领域的事物所遵循的法则,如日月星辰运行的规律称为天道,人事活动所遵循的规律称为人道;其二 ,指万事万物所遵循的普遍法则;其三,指事物的本原或本体,超越于有形的具体事物 ,是万物生成的基始,又是万物存在和人类行为的根据。儒家、道家 、佛教等都谈论道,其内涵差异甚大。儒家之道以仁义礼乐为基本内容 ,佛教和道家之道偏重“空”“无 ”方面的意义 。
Dao(Way)
Initsoriginalmeaning,dao(道)isthewayorpathtakenbypeople.Ithasthreeextendedmeanings:1)thegenerallawsfollowedbythingsindifferentspheres,e.g.thenaturalorderbywhichthesun,moonandstarsmoveiscalledthewayofheaven;therulesthatgovernhumanactivitiesarethewayofman;2)theuniversalpatternsfollowedbyallthingsandbeings;and3)theoriginalsourceorontologicalexistenceofthings,whichtranscendsformandconstitutesthebasisforthebirthandexistenceofallthings,andfortheactivitiesofhumanbeings.IntheirrespectivediscussionsofDao,Confucianism,Daoism,andBuddhismimbueitwithverydifferentconnotations.Whilebenevolence,righteousness,socialnorms,andmusiceducationformthebasiccontentoftheConfucianDao,theBuddhistandDaoistDaotendstoemphasizekong(空emptiness)andwu(无void).
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[引例]
天道远,人道迩。(《左传·昭公十八年》)
Thewayofheavenisfaraway;thewayofmanisnear.(Zuo’sCommentaryonTheSpringandAutumnAnnals)
形而上者谓之道。(《周易·系辞上》)
WhattranscendsformiscalledDao.(TheBookofChanges)