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道法自然(dàofǎzìrán)
“道”效法、顺应万物的自然状态。这一命题出自《老子》。“自然 ”指事物自主 、自在的状态 。“道”创造、生养万物,但“道”不会对万物发号施令 ,而是效法、顺应万物之“自然 ”。“道”与万物的关系,在政治哲学中表现为统治者与百姓的关系。统治者应遵循“道”的要求,节制自己的权力 ,以无为的方式效法 、顺应百姓的自然状态 。
DaoOperatesNaturally.
Daooperatesinaccordancewithnaturalconditionsofallthings.ThisideafirstappearedinthebookLaozi,accordingtowhich“natural ”meansthenaturalstateofthings.Daocreatesandnurtureseverything,yetitdoesnotcommandanything.Inpoliticalphilosophy,therelationshipbetweenDaoandnaturalthingsimpliesthatbetweentherulerandthepeople.TherulersshouldfollowthenaturalrequirementsofDao,whichplaceslimitsontheirpower,andgovernbymeansofnon-interferencetoallowthepeopleandaffairstotaketheirownnaturalcourse.
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[引例]
人法地,地法天,天法道 ,道法自然。(《老子•二十五章》)
Manpatternshimselfontheoperationoftheearth;theearthpatternsitselfontheoperationofheaven;heavenpatternsitselfontheoperationofDao;Daopatternsitselfonwhatisnatural.(Laozi)