考研真题笔记模板题库资源推介平台
工作时间:9:00 ~ 21:00
天下(tiānxià)
古多指天子统治范围的全部土地及统治权 。古人认为,大夫的统治范围是“家” ,诸侯的统治范围是“国 ”,天子的统治范围是“天下”。“天下”字面义是“普天之下 ”,实质指天子统治或名义之下的“家国”统合体所覆盖的全部疆域 ,并包括天下所有的人及国家的统治权。后演变指全民族或全世界 。
Tianxia(AllUnderHeaven)
ThistermreferredmainlytoallthelandunderthenameoftheSonofHeavenandtherighttoruleonsuchland.TheancientChineseheldthattheruleofseniorofficialswasovertheirenfeoffedland,andthatofdukesandprinceswasoverfeudalstates.TheruleoftheSonofHeavenwasoveralltheland.Literally,tianxia(天下)means“allunderheaven.”ItactuallyreferstoalltheterritoryembracingtheenfeoffedlandandfeudalstatesundertheruleorinthenameoftheSonofHeaven,aswellasallthesubjectsandtherighttorule.Thetermhaslaterevolvedtorefertothewholenatinorthewholeworld.
********************************************
[引例]
溥天之下,莫非王土;率土之滨,莫非王臣。(《诗经·小雅·北山》)
寡助之至 ,亲戚畔之;多助之至,天下顺之。(《孟子·公孙丑下》)
天下兴忘,匹夫有责 。(梁启超《饮冰室文集》卷三十三“痛定罪言 ”三引)
AlllandunderheavenfallswithinthedomainoftheSonofHeaven;allthoseonthislandarehissubjects.(TheBookofSongs)
Withlittlepopularsupport,evenhisrelativeswillbetrayanddeserthim;butwithmassivepopularsupport,everyoneunderheavenwillpledgeallegiancetohim.(Mencius)
Theriseandfallofanationistheconcernofeverycitizen.(LiangQichao:CollectionsoflceDrinkingStudy)