备考指导#2017翻译硕士#中华思想文化术语翻译选读——四书

四书(sìshū)

《论语》《孟子》《大学》《中庸》等四部儒家经典的合称。《大学》《中庸》原是《礼记》中的两篇，在唐代以前 ，并没有引起人们的特别重视 。随着唐宋以来儒学的复兴
，《大学》《中庸》经过唐代韩愈 、李翱的表彰，宋代二程
、朱熹的推崇 ，被赋予了新的意义
，其地位逐渐提升，与《论语》《孟子》并列 ，合称“四书”
。朱熹所著《四书章句集注》确立了“四书 ”的经典地位。“四书
”成为了宋明理学家创建、阐发自身思想的重要素材，对后世儒学的发展产生了深远影响 。

FourBooks

ThistermreferscollectivelytothefourConfucianclassics:TheAnalects,Mencius,TheGreatLearning,andTheDoctrineoftheMean.TheGreatLearningandTheDoctrineoftheMeanoriginallyweretwosectionsofTheBookofRites,butbeforetheTangDynastytheydidnotattractmuchattention.FollowingtherevivalofConfucianismwhichbeganintheTangandSongdynasties,throughtheadvocacyofHanYuandLiAooftheTangDynasty,theChengbrothers(ChengHaoandChengYi)andZhuXioftheSongDynasty,TheGreatLearningandTheDoctrineoftheMeanweregivennewmeaning.Theirstandingwasgraduallyelevated,andtheywereregardedjustasimportantasTheAnalectsandMencius.ThefourwerethencollectivelyknownastheFourBooks.CommentariesontheFourBooks,writtenbyZhuXi,establishedthedominantpositionoftheFourBooks,whichformedthefoundationfortheneo-ConfucianscholarsoftheSongandMingdynasties.TheFourBooksbecamethesourcefromwhichtheneo-Confucianscholarsdrewinspirationtofurthertheirlearning,andthusexertedaprofoundinfluenceonthedevelopmentofConfucianism.

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[引例]

如《大学》《中庸》《语》《孟》四书
，道理粲然
。(《朱子语类》卷十四)

TheprinciplesintheFourBooks,i.e.,TheGreatLearning,TheDoctrineoftheMean,TheAnalects,andMencius,areilluminatingandeasytofollow.(ClassifiedConversationsofMasterZhuXi)