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TheSourceofEnergy
Asummaryofthephysicalandchemicalnatureoflifemustbegin,notontheEarth,butintheSun;infact,attheSun‘sverycenter.ItisherethatistobefoundthesourceoftheenergythattheSunconstantlypoursoutintospaceaslightandheat.ThisenergyisliberatedatthecenteroftheSunasbillionsuponbillionsofnucleiofhydrogenatomscollidewitheachotherandfusetogethertoformnucleiofhelium,andindoingso,releasesomeoftheenergythatisstoredinthenucleiofatoms.TheoutputoflightandheatoftheSunrequiresthatsome600milliontonsofhydrogenbeconvertedintoheliumintheSuneverysecond.ThistheSunhasbeendoingforseveralthousandsofmillionsofyears.ThenuclearenergyisreleasedattheSun‘scenterashigh-energygammaradiation,aformofelectromagneticradiationlikelightandradiowaves,onlyofverymuchshorterwavelength.ThisgammaradiationisabsorbedbyatomsinsidetheSuntobereemittedatslightlylongerwavelengths.Thisradiation,initsturnisabsorbedandreemitted.Astheenergyfiltersthroughthelayersofthesolarinterior,itpassesthroughtheX-raypartofthespectrumeventuallybecominglight.Atthisstage,ithasreachedwhatwecallthesolarsurface,andcanescapeintospacewithoutbeingabsorbedfurtherbysolaratoms.AverysmallfractionoftheSun‘slightandheatisemittedinsuchdirectionsthatafterpassingunhinderedthroughinterplanetaryspace,ithitstheEarth.
全文翻译:能量的来源
概说生命的物理和化学特性必须始于太阳--确切地说,是太阳的核心 ,而非地球。能量来自太阳的核心 。在这里,太阳不停地以光和热的形式向空间倾泻出能量。数十亿计的氢原子核在太阳的核心碰撞并且聚变生成氦。在此过程中一部分原本储存于原子核中的能量被释放出来 。太阳所产生的光和热需要每秒将六亿吨氢转化为氦。这样的转化在太阳中已经持续几十亿年了。核能在太阳的核心被释放为高能的伽马射线 。这是一种电磁射线,就象光波和无线电波一样 ,只是波长要短得多。这种伽玛射线被太阳内的原子所吸收,然后重新释放为波长稍长一些的光波。这新的射线再次被吸收,而后释放。在能量由太阳内部一层层渗透出来的过程中 ,它经过了光谱中X射线部分,最后变成了光 。在此阶段,能量到达我们所称的太阳表层,并且离散到空间而不再被太阳原子所吸收。只有很小一部分太阳的光和热由此方向释放出来 ,并且未被阻挡,穿越星空,来到地球。
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