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时间:2016-06-2515:25:07
四书(sìshū)
《论语》《孟子》《大学》《中庸》等四部儒家典型的合称 。《大学》《中庸》原是《礼记》中的两篇,在唐代以前 ,并没有引起人们的特别重视。随着唐宋以来儒学的复兴,《大学》《中庸》经过唐代韩愈 、李翱的表彰,宋代二程、朱熹的推崇 ,被赋予了新的意义,其地位逐渐提升,与《论语》《孟子》并列 ,合称“四书”。朱熹所著《四书章句集注》确立了“四书 ”的典型地位 。“四书”成为了宋明理学家创建、阐发自身思想的重要素材,对后世儒学的发展产生了深远影响。
FourBooks
ThistermreferscollectivelytothefourConfucianclassics:TheAnalects,Mencius,TheGreatLearning,andTheDoctrineoftheMean.TheGreatLearningandTheDoctrineoftheMeanoriginallyweretwosectionsofTheBookofRites,butbeforetheTangDynastytheydidnotattractmuchattention.FollowingtherevivalofConfucianismwhichbeganintheTangandSongdynasties,throughtheadvocacyofHanYuandLiAooftheTangDynasty,theChengbrothers(ChengHaoandChengYi)andZhuXioftheSongDynasty,TheGreatLearningandTheDoctrineoftheMeanweregivennewmeaning.Theirstandingwasgraduallyelevated,andtheywereregardedjustasimportantasTheAnalectsandMencius.ThefourwerethencollectivelyknownastheFourBooks.CommentariesontheFourBooks,writtenbyZhuXi,establishedthedominantpositionoftheFourBooks,whichformedthefoundationfortheneo-ConfucianscholarsoftheSongandMingdynasties.TheFourBooksbecamethesourcefromwhichtheneo-Confucianscholarsdrewinspirationtofurthertheirlearning,andthusexertedaprofoundinfluenceonthedevelopmentofConfucianism.
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[引例]
如《大学》《中庸》《语》《孟》四书,道理粲然。(《朱子语类》卷十四)
TheprinciplesintheFourBooks,i.e.,TheGreatLearning,TheDoctrineoftheMean,TheAnalects,andMencius,areilluminatingandeasytofollow.(ClassifiedConversationsofMasterZhuXi)
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