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类目:三人行考研网>翻译硕士>正文
时间:2020-07-0911:54:31
天津外国语大学2011年翻译硕士MTI
I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsintotherespectivetargetlanguage.(40′)
1.theInternetofThings:物联网
2.economicturnaround:经济(形势)好转;经济回升向好
3.stampduty:印花税
4.subprimecrisis:次贷危机
5.realeconomy:实体经济
6.CPI:居民消费价格指数(ConsumerPriceIndex);消费者物价指数
7.UNESCO:联合国教科文组织(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)
8.ecocide:生态灭绝
9.propertybubble:房地产泡沫
10.downpayment:(分期付款中的)首期期款;预付定金
11.conglomerate:砾岩;联合大公司;企业集团
12.YouTube:世界上最大的视频分享网站,设立美国,用户可上载 、观看及分享影片或短片
13.DJ:音乐节目主持人;唱片骑师
14.IDD:国际直拨电话(internationaldirectdial);国际长途电话
15.hardnews:重要新闻,重大新闻
16.sideevent:周边会议
17.governmentwatchdog:政府监督机构
18.carbonfootprint:碳足迹
19.Twitter:推特,著名社交网络和微博客服务网站
20.funemployment:失业乐活(用于形容在意外失业之后因享受空闲而感到的快乐)
21.借词:loanworld
22.全球暖化:globalwarming
23.经济不景气:(economic)recession;economicdownturn
24.经济适用住房:(economically)affordablehousing
25.节能减排:energy-savingandemission-reduction;Energyconservationandemissionreduction
26.面向基层:forthegrassroots;bedirectedatgrassrootslevels
27.反腐倡廉:tocombatcorruptionandbuildacleangovernment;combatcorruptionandupholdintegrity
28.法治国家:acountryundertheruleoflaw;law-basedgovernment
29.生态文明:ecologicalcivilization
30.误译:misinterpretation;mistranslation
31.非物质文化遗产:intangibleculturalheritage
32.执政为民:exercisespowerforthepeople;workingforagovernmentservingthepeople
33.生态移民:ecologicalmigration;eco-migration
34.对等词:equivalent
35.民意测验:opinionpoll
36.年度风云人物:manoftheyear;PersonoftheYear
37.举报电话:tip-offtelephone
38.抢占科技制高点:capturethescientificandtechnologicalhighground
39.保障“米袋子 ”“菜篮子”安全:securefoodsupply
40.推进政务公开:tomakegovernmentaffairspubic
II.Directions:Translatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintotheirrespectivetargetlanguage.(110’)
SourceText1:(55′)
Wealth,asMr.Hobbessays,ispower.Butthepersonwhoeitheracquires,orsucceedstoagreatfortune,doesnotnecessarilyacquireorsucceedtoanypoliticalpower,eithercivilormilitary.Hisfortunemay,perhaps,affordhimthemeansofacquiringboth,butthemerepossessionofthatfortunedoesnotnecessarilyconveytohimeither.Thepowerwhichthatpossessionimmediatelyanddirectlyconveystohim,isthepowerofpurchasing;acertaincommandoverallthelabor,oroveralltheproduceoflaborwhichistheninthemarket.Hisfortuneisgreaterofless,preciselyinproportiontotheextentofthispower;ortothequantityeitherofothermen’slabor,orwhatisthesamething,oftheproduceofothermen’slabor,whichitenableshimtopurchaseorcommand.Theexchangeablevalueofeverythingmustalwaysbepreciselyequaltotheextentofthispowerwhichitconveystoitsowner.
Butthoughlaborbetherealmeasureoftheexchangeablevalueofallcommodities,itisnotthatbywhichtheirvalueiscommonlyestimated.Itisoftendifficulttoascertaintheproportionbetweentwodifferentquantitiesoflabor.Thetimespentintwodifferentsortsofworkwillnotalwaysalonedeterminethisproportion.Thedifferentdegreesofhardshipendured,andofingenuityexercised,mustlikewisebetakenintoaccount.Theremaybemorelaborinanhour’shardworkthanintwohourseasybusiness;orinanhour’sapplicationtoatradewhichitcosttenyearslabortolearn,thaninamonth’sindustryatanordinaryandobviousemployment.Butitisnoteasytofindanyaccuratemeasureeitherofhardshiporingenuity.Inexchangeableindeedthedifferenceiscommonlymadeforboth.Itisadjusted,however,notbyanyaccuratemeasure,butbythehagglingandbargainingofthemarket,accordingtothatsortofroughequalitywhichthoughtnotexact,issufficientforcarryingonthebusinessofcommonlife.(351words)
参考译文:霍布斯曾说 ,财富就是权力 。不过,就任何人来说,取得或继承了一大笔财富 ,不是必然等于在民事或军事上取得或继承了人任何政治权力。财富也许让他有了取得政治权力的手段,然而光是拥有一笔财富,并不必然授予他任何政治权力。任何人因拥有财富而立即直接获得的力量是购买力,也就是对于一般劳动的支配力 ,或者说,和能购买或支配他人劳动数量(或是这个劳动数量的产出)的大小成正比 。每一样东西的交换价值,必然正好等于它赋予占有者这种权力的大小。
虽然劳动是测量一切商品交换价值的真正标准 ,但平常测量商品的价值,却无法使用这种标准。要确定两种不同劳动数量的比例,时常会有困难。只看花在两种不同工作的时间 ,并不足以确定两者劳动数量的比例 。两种工作所花费的体力和脑力,也必须一并纳入考虑。一小时的粗重工作的劳动数量,也许大于两小时的轻松工作;需要十年才能学会的行业里 ,工作一小时所含的劳动数量,也许大于在一学就会的行业里工作一个月。可是,要找到可以精确测量体力或脑力的标准却不容易 。当不同种类的劳动产品实际交换时 ,一般都会考虑这些因素。然而,实际所作的调整,却不是根据精确的测量,而是在市场上由买卖双方讨价还价来决定 ,结果也许不是很精确,但就维持日常生活秩序的目的来说,这种大致的公平原则却已足够。
SourceText2:(55′)
四害之一的“鼠”居于中国十二生肖之首 ,自古以来就令人不可思议 。它相貌猥琐,鬼鬼祟祟,破坏力强 ,落得个“老鼠过街,人人喊打 ”的千古骂名。
从常理上是无法解释这种鼠居首现象的,于是人们结合鼠狡黠的特点附会出各种生动有趣的传说。其中较为合理的解释是:鼠在地支子时(夜里23时至凌晨1时)四处活动 ,子时是一天当中最黑暗之时,老鼠此时出没便于隐藏行迹 。由此看来,鼠昼伏夜出的习性是使它能够在十二生肖中独占鳌头的主要原因 ,与其口碑不佳及相貌可鄙无甚关系。
鼠的一个别名是“老鼠”。虽然从表面上看,这个称谓名不符实 。但是鼠具有顽强的生命力,它善处逆境、繁殖力强;既是无恶不作的害人精,也是充满灵性的小生灵。俗语“鼠变虎”恰恰反映出人们早已看穿了鼠的阴险老辣之处 ,当它谋得虎位时,定会比老虎更凶狠,寓示着小人如果得志 ,便会猖狂霸道,令人生畏。所以从这种意义上说,鼠堪称“老鼠”之名。(381words)
参考译文:Sinceancienttimes,ithasbeenanincrediblethingthatrats,oneofthefourpests,rankfirstinChina’szodiac.Withtheirpettylooks,sneakymovementsanddestructivepower,ratsownanotoriousreputationassaidinasaying“Whenaratrunsacrossthestreet ,everybodycries,“killit! ””
Thephenomenonofratsrankingfirstcannotexplainedthroughcommonsense,therefore,variousinterestingfolktaleswascreatedwithregardstotheircunningcharacteristics.Acomparablysensibleexplanationisabouttheworkandrestruleofratswhoareusedtohidingbydayandcomingoutatnight.Whenmovingaroundinmidnight(from23:00to1:00),thedarkesthourofaday,ratscanbetterhidetheirwhereabouts.Inthissense,thenumber1rankinginthezodiachasnothingtodowiththeirbadreputationandpettylooks.
Analiasforratsis“laoshu”(inChinese,“lao ”meansshrewdness,“shu”meansrat).Atfirstglance,thenamefallsshortofthereality.However,ratsboastofdoggedvitality,strongbreedfertilityandagoodheadformeetingadventures.Theyarebothevilverminandsmartlittlecreatures.Thereisasayinggoes,“Aratreplacesthetiger”,showingthatpeoplehavelongseenthroughthesinisternatureofrats.Whenaratreplacesthetigerastheking,itwillsurelybemoreruthlessthanthetiger.Thesameistruethataflunkywillbesavage,overbearingandintimidatingifheholdssway.Fromthispoint,ratsisworthyofthename“laoshu ”.
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