翻译硕士#上海外国语大学2012年翻译硕士MTI考研究生与答案

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时间：2020-07-2718:30:30

　上海外国语大学2012年翻译硕士MTIk考研

I.PhraseTranslation

1.Austeritymeasures:财政紧缩措施

2.UNESCO:联合国教科文组织(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)

3.TheUSSenate:(美国)参议院

4.APEC:亚太经济合作组织亚太经合组织(Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation)

5.WashingtonPost:(美国)《华盛顿邮报》

6.NATO:北大西洋公约组织(NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization)

7.ArabSpring:阿拉伯之春

8.GaryLocke:骆家辉(原美国驻华大使)

9.Reuters：(英国)路透社

10.WallStreetJournal：(美国)《华尔街日报》

II.中文词汇翻译成英文

十二五规划：TwelfthFive-YearPlan

十七届六中全会：theSixthPlenarySessionoftheseventeenthCentralCommittee

全国人大：NPC(NationalPeople’sCongress)

新华社：theXinhuaNewsAgency

软实力：SoftPower

中美战略经济对话：China-USStrategicandEconomicDialogue

上海合作组织：SCO(ShanghaiCooperationOrganization)

珠江三角州：PearlRiverDelta

西气东输：projectofnaturalgastransmissionfromWesttoEastChina;West–EastGasPipeline

北京共识:BeijingConsensus

II.Passagetranslation

SectionAEnglishtoChinese

Reformingeducation

-Thegreatschoolsrevolution

Educationremainsthetrickiestpartofattemptstoreformthepublicsector.Butasevermorecountriesembarkonit,somevitallessonsarebeginningtobelearned

Sep17th2011|DRESDEN,NEWYORKANDWROCLAW|fromtheprintedition

FROMTorontotoWroclaw,LondontoRome,pupilsandteachershavebeenreturningtotheclassroomaftertheirsummerbreak.ButthisSeptemberschoolsthemselvesarecaughtupinaglobalbattleofideas.Inmanycountrieseducationisattheforefrontofpoliticaldebate,andreformersdesperatetoimprovetheirnationalperformancearedrawingexamplesofgoodpracticefromallovertheworld.

Whynow?Oneansweristhesheeramountofdataavailableonperformance,notjustwithincountriesbutbetweenthem.In2000theProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment(PISA)attheOECD,arich-countryclub,begantrackingacademicattainmentbytheageof15in32countries.Manywereshockedbywheretheycameintherankings.(PISA’slatestfiguresappearintable1.)Otheroutfits,too,havebeenmeasuringhowgoodorbadschoolsare.McKinsey,aconsultancy,hasmonitoredwhicheducationsystemshaveimprovedmostinrecentyears.

Technologyhasalsomadeadifference.Afteranumberoffalsestarts,manypeoplenowbelievethattheinternetcanmakearealdifferencetoeducatingchildren.HencethesuccessofinstitutionslikeAmerica’sKahnAcademy(seearticle).Experimentationisalsoinfectious;themoregovernmentstrythings,themoreothersexamine,andcopy,theresults.

Aboveall,though,therehasbeenachangeinthequalityofthedebate.Inparticular,whatmightbecalled“thethreegreatexcuses”forbadschoolshaverecededinimportance.Teachers’unionshavelongmaintainedthatfailuresinWesterneducationcouldbeblamedonskimpygovernmentspending,socialclassandculturesthatdidnotvalueeducation.Allthesemakeadifference,buttheydonotdetermineoutcomesbythemselves.

Theideathatgoodschoolingisaboutspendingmoneyistheonethathasbeenbeatenbackhardest.Manyofthe20leadingeconomicperformersintheOECDdoubledortripledtheireducationspendinginrealtermsbetween1970and1994,yetoutcomesinmanycountriesstagnated—orwentbackwards.Educationalperformancevarieswidelyevenamongcountriesthatspendsimilaramountsperpupil.SuchspendingishighestintheUnitedStates—yetAmericalagsbehindotherdevelopedcountriesonoveralloutcomesinsecondaryeducation.AndreasSchleicher,headofanalysisatPISA,thinksthatonlyabout10%ofthevariationinpupilperformancehasanythingtodowithmoney.

Manystillinsist,though,thatsocialclassmakesadifference.MartinJohnson,aneducationtradeunionist,pointstoBritain’s“inequalitybetweenclasses,whichisamongthelargestinthewealthiestnations ”asthemainreasonwhyitspupilsunderperform.AreviewofreformsoverthepastdecadebyresearchersatOxfordUniversitysupportshim.“Despiterisingattainmentlevels,
”itconcludes,“therehasbeenlittlenarrowingoflongstandingandsizeableattainmentgaps.Thosefromdisadvantagedbackgroundsremainathigherrisksofpooroutcomes.”Americanstudiesconfirmthepoint;DanGoldhaberoftheUniversityofWashingtonclaimsthat“non-schoolfactors ”,suchasfamilyincome,accountforasmuchas60%ofachild’sperformanceinschool.

Yetthelinkismuchmorevariablethaneducationegalitarianssuggest.Australia,forinstance,haswidediscrepanciesofincome,butcameacreditableninthinthemostrecentPISAstudy.China,rapidlydevelopingintooneoftheworld’sleastequalsocieties,finishedfirst.

Cultureiscertainlyafactor.ManyAsianparentspaymuchmoreattentiontotheirchildren’stestresultsthanWesternonesdo,andpushtheirschoolstosucceed.Singapore,HongKongandSouthKoreasitcomfortablyatthetopofMcKinsey’srankings(seetable2).ButnotonlydosomeWesterncountriesdofairlywell;therearealsohugedifferenceswithinthem.EvenifyouputtoonesidetheunusualAsians,asthisbriefingwillnowdo,manyWesternsystemscouldjumpforwardmerelybybringingtheirworstschoolsuptothestandardoftheirbest.

Sowhatarethesecretsofsuccess?Thoughthereisnoonetemplate,fourimportantthemesemerge:decentralisation(handingpowerbacktoschools);afocusonunderachievingpupils;achoiceofdifferentsortsofschools;andhighstandardsforteachers.ThesethemescanallbetracedinthreeplacesthatdidwellinMcKinsey’sleague:Ontario,PolandandSaxony.

SectionBChinesetoEnglish

国务院新闻办发表《中国特色社会主义法律体系》白皮书
，这是2011年10月27号发布的
。以下是其中的一些内容。

社会实践是法律的基础，法律是实践经验的总结
、提炼 。社会实践永无止境 ，法律体系也要与时俱进
。建设中国特色社会主义是一项长期的历史任务
，完善中国特色社会主义法律体系同样是一项长期而又艰巨的任务，必须随着中国特色社会主义实践的发展不断向前推进。

法律的生命力在于实施 。中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成 ，总体上解决了有法可依的问题
，对有法必依、执法必严 、违法必究提出了更为突出
、更加紧迫的要求
。中国将积极采取有效措施，切实保障宪法和法律的有效实施 ，加快推进依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的进程。　

2016考研倒计时的钟声已经敲响
，考生只有做好充分准备才能赢得胜利，在此阶段考生们要保持良好的心态 ，全身心的投入到考研这场战役中去 。三人行考研网特为广大学子推出2016考研 、系列备考专题
，针对每一个科目要点进行深入的指导分析，欢迎各位考生了解咨询
。同时 ，三人行考研网一直为大家推出，足不出户就可以边听课边学习
，为大家的考研梦想助力！