教育学#2004年考研究生英语翻译及答案

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时间：2017-08-1517:31:25

以下是三人行考研网小编为大家整理的“2004年考研英语翻译及答案”，以供广大考生参考 ，希望对你们有所帮助
。

2004年考研英语翻译及答案

PartB

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Therelationoflanguageandmindhasinterestedphilosophersformanycenturies.1)TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.

Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.Twoanthropologist-linguists,FranzBoasandEdwardSapir,werepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.2)Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.Otherlinguistsintheearlierpartofthiscentury,however,whowerelesseagertodealwithbizarredatafrom“exotic ”language,werenotalwayssograteful.3)ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.NativeAmericanlanguagesareindeeddifferent,somuchsoinfactthatNavajocouldbeusedbytheUSmilitaryasacodeduringWorldWarIItosendsecretmessages.

Sapir’spupil,BenjaminLeeWhorf,continuedthestudyofAmericanIndianlanguages.4)Beinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthought,Whorfdevelopedtheideathatthestructureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.Hereasonedthatbecauseitiseasiertoformulatecertainconceptsandnotothersinagivenlanguage,thespeakersofthatlanguagethinkalongonetrackandnotalonganother.5)Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhich,initsstrongestform,statesthatlanguageimprisonsthemind,andthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefar-reachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety.Later,thisideabecametobeknownastheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,butthistermissomewhatinappropriate.AlthoughbothSapirandWhorfemphasizedthediversityoflanguages,Sapirhimselfneverexplicitlysupportedthenotionoflinguisticdeterminism.

答案解析

PartB(10points)

1.希腊人认为,语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根 。

2.我们之所有感激他们(两位先驱),是因为在此之后,这些(土著)语言中有一些已经不复存在了,这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了,或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言
。

3.这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著,以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。

4.Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中,语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构 。

5.Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点,其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维,语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响
。