医学#2017年考研究生英语一阅读理解Text4及答案

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时间：2017-08-2818:24:56

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Text4

Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.

Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell'strialfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis"officialacts,"ortheformergovernor'sdecisionson"specific"and"unsettled"issuesrelatedtohisduties.

Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.

Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis"distasteful"and"nasty."Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan"officialact".

Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery."Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,"wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,"assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns."

Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader'ssourceofwealth.

Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety-thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.

Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.

36.Theunderminedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt

[A]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell'sduties.

[B]madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.

[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnell'sconduct.

[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnell'sethics.

[答案][C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnell'sconduct.

37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves

[A]leakingsecretsintentionally.

[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.

[C]concretereturnsforgift-givers.

[D]breakingcontractsofficially.

[答案][C]concretereturnsforgift-givers.

38.Thecourt'srulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare

[A]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.

[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.

[C]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.

[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.

[答案][A]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.

39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto

[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.

[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.

[C]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.

[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople.

[答案][B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.

40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardthecourt'srulingis

[A]sarcastic.

[B]tolerant.

[C]skeptical.

[D]supportive

[答案][D]supportive