医学#2017年考研究生英语一阅读理解Text4解析

类目：三人行考研网>医学>正文

时间：2017-08-2818:24:56

以下是三人行考研网小编为大家整理了2017年考研英语一阅读理解Text4解析 ，以供广大考生参考
，希望对你们有所帮助 。

Text4

Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAutomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.

Thehighcourt’sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell’strailfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis“officialacts,”ortheformergovernor’sdecisionson“specific ”and“unsettled
”issuesrelatedtohisduties.

Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.

Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis“distasteful”and“nasty. ”Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact.
”

Thecourt’srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionofbribery.“Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns. ”

Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssourceofwealth.

Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety&ndashthatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernmentrestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.

Thecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.

36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt

[A]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell’sduties.

[B]madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.

[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnell’sconduct.

[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnell’sethics.

37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves

[A]concretereturnsforgift-givers.

[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.

[C]leakingsecretsintentionally.

[D]breakingcontractsofficially.

38.Thecourt’srulingisdontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare

[A]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.

[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.

[C]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.

[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.

39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto

[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.

[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.

[C]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.

[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople.

40.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecourt’srulingis

[A]sarcastic.

[B]tolerant.

[C]skeptical.

[D]supportive.

答案：36-40CBABD

36.答案[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnell’sconduct.

解析：根据题干中的关键词Theunderlinedsentence(para.1)，可以快速的回到原文精确定位到第一段的划线句子 ，Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAutomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.联系文章第一句话
，虽然最高法院没有判定RobertMcDonnell受贿罪，但是holdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,即 ，在道德上却对他的行为嗤之以鼻
。由此可以锁定C选项中的wascontemptuousof法院其实非常轻视RobertMcDonnell的行为。文章的D选项中出现ethics，原文中相同的词
，可能会混淆考生的思维，但是 ，此句话说的是拒绝从道德的标准评论RobertMcDonnell的行为 。

37.答案[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.

解析：根据题干中给出的信息
，可知这一题是对文章第四段理解，由第四段推理出正确答案
。从第四段Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact.”可以知道 ，对腐败的定义是
，只有受贿者给予了行贿者实际的好处，例如acontractorregulation,如果提供的不是具体的好处 ，仅仅只是：arrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganevent,那么这种行为就不是受贿。由此可以得出答案为A.

38.答案[A]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.

解析：根据题干中的关键词Thecourt’srulingisdontheassumption可以锁定文章的第五段
，“Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,
”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”可以知道，法院的裁定是建立听取其选民的意见 ，按照他们的利益行事 。所以原文中的constituents对应A选项的supporters
，支持者。所以答案选择A

39.答案[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.

解析：根据题干中的关键词Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency可以锁定文章的第六段Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssourceofwealth.但是从这句话中找不到所需的信息，从thistypeof可以知道这句话与前面的句子联系紧密 ，因而可以追溯到这一段的第一句话，Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.执法力度需要加强市民及其当选代表
，而不是法院获得接近政府的平等的机会
。equality与B选项的fairplay相对应，因此选B.

40.答案[D]supportive.

解析：本题考察的是态度题 ，从文中最后一句话:Thecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.可以看出作者认为法院的裁定是进步的：astepforward
，，因此可以看出作者对此的态度是supportive.sarcastic:尖酸的 ，挖苦的tolerant：宽容的
，容忍的skeptical：怀疑的。