考研真题笔记模板题库资源推介平台
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上帝(shànɡdì)
主要含义有二:其一 ,上古传说中指主宰宇宙万事万物的最高天神 。也叫“天帝”。商周时期,巫是联通人与上帝的媒介,巫通过卜筮向上帝请示 ,传达上帝的旨意。其二,指帝国或王朝的最高统治者,即帝王、君主,包括远古或死去的帝王 、君主 ,犹言“天子 ” 。基督教传入中国后,基督教教士又借用“上帝”一词作为对其所崇奉之神God的译称。
SupremeRuler/RulerofHeaven
Thetermhastwomeanings.Oneisthesupremeruleroftheuniverse,alsoknownastheRulerofHeaven.DuringtheShangandZhoudynasties,wizardsweretheintermediariesbetweenhumansandthesupremeruler.Theyaskedforhisordersbymeansofdivinationandconveyedthemtohumans.Theothermeaningisthesupremerulerofanempireordynasty,thatis,theemperorormonarch,includingthoseofremoteantiquityandthosewhohaddied;eachwasreferredtoasSonofHeaven.AfterChristianitywasintroducedtoChina,missionariesusedthistermasatranslationoftheword“God.”
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[引例]
先王以作乐崇德,殷荐之上帝 ,以配祖考。(《周易•彖上》)
皇矣上帝,临下有赫。监观四方,求民之莫 。(《诗经•大雅•皇矣》)
Formerkingsthuscreatedmusictoextolvirtue,conductedgrandceremoniestohonortheRulerofHeaven,andworshippedancestraltablets.(TheBookofChanges)
AugustistheRulerofHeaven,beholdingthemortalworldinmajesty.Hesurveysandwatchesthefourquarters,bringingpeaceandstabilitytothepeople.(TheBookofSongs)