翻译硕士#2015年暨南大学211翻译硕士英语

类目：三人行考研网>翻译硕士>正文

时间：2020-07-1717:29:29

2015年全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试题

*********************************************************************

学科 、专业名称：翻译硕士专业

研究方向：英语笔译

考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211

考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I.Vocabulary&Grammar(30%)

Directions:Thereare30sentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.Ihaveplannedtohavethemeetingtoday,butithasbeen__________untilnextMonday.

A.cancelled

C.calledoff

B.postponed

D.transferred

2.A__________isapersonwhochoosestodieratherthanabandonhisorherreligiousbelief.

A.hero

C.martyr

B.patriot

D.traitor

3.__________isthewayinwhichwrittenmaterialisarrangedandpreparedforprinting.

A.Typography

C.hand-writing

B.calligraphy

D.typeface

4.__________isaplacewherepeoplewhoareindangerfromotherpeoplecangotobesafe.

A.Sanctuary

C.Relics

B.Paradise

D.Headquarter

5.Shedecidedto__________theworldandenteredaconvent.

A.renounce

C.revive

B.reproach

D.revenge

6.Youdescribeasituationasa__________whenitinvolvestwoormorefactsorqualitieswhichseemtocontradicteachother.

A.conflict

C.provision

B.dilemma

D.paradox

7.Don'tmake__________commentsoutofignorance.Don'tmakeimpropercommentsbeforeyouknowthewholestory.

A.presumptuous

C.harsh

B.quick

D.easy

8.Planetshereshowhowandtowhatweareattached,andthedegreeofour__________.

A.weight

C.gravity

B.relativity

D.possessiveness

9.Theplanefoundthespotandhoveredcloseenoughto__________thatitwasacar.

A.examine

C.ensure

B.verify

D.testify

10.Pickingflowersintheparkisabsolutely__________.

A.avoided

C.prohibited

B.rejected

D.repelled

11.Obviously,theChairman'sremarksattheconferencewere__________andnotplanned.

A.substantial

C.spontaneous

B.simultaneous

D.synthetic

12.Theprofessor'sdedicationto__________earnedhimtherespectofbothhiscolleaguesandstudents.

A.teach

C.beingtaught

B.betaught

D.teaching

13.Dohelpyourselftosomefruit,__________you?

A.can't

C.wouldn't

B.won't

D.don't

14.Shedidn't__________thedoorkeytoherlandlorduntilshegotbackherdeposit.

A.handin

C.handout

B.handdown

D.handover

15.You__________meanythingaboutit.Ithinkitwasnoneofmybusiness.

A.needn'thavetold

C.needn'ttell

B.mustn'thavetold

D.mustn'ttell

16.Jimwasreallyrudetoeveryoneinmypartylastnight.Itreally__________me__________.

A.put…over

C.put…off

B.put…down

D.put…up

17.Pleasefeelfreetovisitmewhenever__________.

A.youareconvenient

C.youwillbeconvenient

B.itisconvenienttoyou

D.itwillbeconvenienttoyou

18.Ihavebeenreally__________withthecurrentsituationinthatcountrybecausemycousinwastravelingthere.

A.worrying

C.concerned

B.involved

D.regretful

19.Languagebelongstoeachmemberofthesociety,tothehousewife__________tothepresident.

A.asfaras

C.aslongas

B.asmuchas

D.thesameas

20.Fatcannotchangeintomuscle__________musclechangesintofact.

A.anymorethan

C.nolessthan

B.nomorethan

D.muchmorethan

21.Whiledrivingalongthetreacherousroad,__________.

A.myrightreartireblownout

C.myrightreartireblowsout

B.Ihadmyrightreartireblowout

D.Ihadablowoutonmyrightreartire

22.Ourfriendssaidthattheywouldn'tmind__________.

A.havealittlelightmusic

C.theyhavealittlelightmusic

B.tohavealittlelightmusic

D.havingalittlelightmusic

23.__________forhishelp,I'dneverhavebeenabletoachievesuchasuccess.

A.Ifitwerenot

C.IfIhadnotbeen

B.Haditnotbeen

D.Haditnot

24.Withoutfacts,onecannotformaworthwhileopinion,forheneedstohavefactualknowledge__________histhinking.

A.tobaseonwhich

C.uponwhichtobase

B.whichtobebasedon

D.whichtobaseupon

25.Scienceandcommonsenseofferwaystominimizetheriskof__________climatechange.

A.devastating

C.demolishing

B.mounting

D.wrecking

26.Youmaymerelybe__________yourownmiseryandunhappinessbycomparingyourselftoothers.

A.legitimizing

C.optimizing

B.validating

D.duplicating

27.Thestormleftmanypartsoftheislandunderwateranddestroyedthousandsofartifacts__________fromarchaeologicaldigs.

A.recovered

C.exploited

B.retrieved

D.rectified

28.ChinesespecialenvoyZhangYesuimetMalaysia'sNajibonWednesdayandcalledfor"__________efforts"tofindtheplane.

A.fitful

C.everlasting

B.unremitting

D.sporadic

29.Accordingtostateemploymentdata,constructionisbyfarthefastestgrowingindustryinthestate,__________somejoblossesinthesectorlastmonth.

A.therefore

C.nevertheless

B.whereby

D.notwithstanding

30.Mosttinyhousesare__________formiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhomadeaconsciousdecisionto"buildbetter,notbigger".

A.addressed

C.tailored

B.reconciled

D.weighed[page]

II.ReadingComprehension(40%)

Directions:Thispartconsistsoftwosections.InSectionA,therearethreepassagesfollowedbyatotalof15multiple-choicequestions.InSectionB,thereisonepassagefollowedbyatotalof5short-answerquestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarkorwritedownyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

SectionAMultiple-ChoiceQuestions(30%)

Passage1

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed"intuition"tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers'intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan"Aha!"experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat"thinking"isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften"know"whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.

Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.(453words)

31.Accordingtothepassage,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto__________.

A.speedupthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem

B.identifyaproblem

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts

D.stipulatecleargoals

32.Whichofthefollowingdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthe"writersonmanagement"mentionedinparagraph2?

A.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

33.Whichofthefollowingbestexemplifies"an'Aha!'experience"(para.3)asitispresentedinthepassage?

A.Amanagerriskstakinganactionwhoseoutcomeisunpredictabletodiscoverwhethertheactionchangestheproblemathand.

B.Amanagerperformswell-learnedandfamiliarbehaviorpatternsincreativeanduncharacteristicwaystosolveaproblem.

C.Amanagersuddenlyconnectsseeminglyunrelatedfactsandexperiencestocreateapatternrelevanttotheproblemathand.

D.Amanagerrapidlyidentifiesthemethodologyusedtocompiledatayieldedbysystematicanalysis.

34.Accordingtothepassage,theclassicalmodelofdecisionanalysisincludesallofthefollowingEXCEPT__________.

A.evaluationofaproblem

B.creationofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem

C.establishmentofcleargoalstobereachedbythedecision

D.actionundertakeninordertodiscovermoreinformationaboutaproblem

35.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.

D.ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot.

Passage2

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Afterevidencewasobtainedinthe1920sthattheuniverseisexpanding,itbecamereasonabletoask:Willtheuniversecontinuetoexpandindefinitely,oristhereenoughmassinitforthemutualattractionofitsconstituentstobringthisexpansiontoahalt?Itcanbecalculatedthatthecriticaldensityofmatterneededtobraketheexpansionand"close"theuniverseisequivalenttothreehydrogenatomspercubicmeter.Butthedensityoftheobservableuniverse—luminousmatterintheformofgalaxies—comestoonlyafractionofthis.Iftheexpansionoftheuniverseistostop,theremustbeenoughinvisiblematterintheuniversetoexceedtheluminousmatterindensitybyafactorofroughly70.

Ourcontributiontothesearchforthis"missingmatter"hasbeentostudytherotationalvelocityofgalaxiesatvariousdistancesfromtheircenterofrotation.Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatoutsidethebrightnucleusoftypicalspiralgalaxyluminosityfallsoffrapidlywithdistancefromthecenter.Ifluminositywereatrueindicatorofmass,mostofthemasswouldbeconcentratedtowardthecenter.Outsidethenucleustherotationalvelocitywoulddecreasegeometricallywithdistancefromthecenter,inconformitywithKepler'slaw.

Insteadwehavefoundthattherotationalvelocityinspiralgalaxieseitherremainsconstantwithincreasingdistancefromthecenterorincreasesslightly.Thisunexpectedresultindicatesthatthefalloffinluminousmasswithdistancefromthecenterisbalancedbyanincreaseinnonluminousmass.

Ourfindingssuggestthatasmuchas90percentofthemassoftheuniverseisnotradiatingatanywavelengthwithenoughintensitytobedetectedontheEarth.Suchdarkmattercouldbeintheformofextremelydimstarsoflowmass,oflargeplanetslikeJupiter,orofblackholes,eithersmallormassive.Whileithasnotyetbeendeterminedwhetherthismassissufficienttoclosetheuniverse,somephysicistsconsideritsignificantthatestimatesareconvergingonthecriticalvalue.(351words)

36.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith__________.

A.defendingacontroversialapproach

B.criticizinganacceptedview

C.summarizingresearchfindings

D.contrastingcompetingtheories

37.Theauthors'studyindicatesthat,incomparisonwiththeoutermostregionsofatypicalspiralgalaxy,theregionjustoutsidethenucleuscanbecharacterizedashaving__________.

A.higherrotationalvelocityandhigherluminosity

B.lowerrotationalvelocityandhigherluminosity

C.lowerrotationalvelocityandlowerluminosity

D.similarrotationalvelocityandhigherluminosity

38.Theauthors'suggestionthat"asmuchas90percentofthemassoftheuniverseisnotradiatingatanywavelengthwithenoughintensitytobedetectedontheEarth"(para.4)wouldbemostweakenedif__________werediscoveredtobetrue.

A.Spiralgalaxiesarelesscommonthantypesofgalaxiesthatcontainlittlenonluminousmatter.

B.Luminousandnonluminousmatterarecomposedofthesamebasicelements.

C.Thebrightnucleusofatypicalspiralgalaxyalsocontainssomenonluminousmatter.

D.Thedensityoftheobservableuniverseisgreaterthanmostpreviousestimateshavesuggested.

39.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatifthedensityoftheuniversewereequivalenttosignificantlylessthanthreehydrogenatomspercubicmeter,__________wouldbetrueasaconsequence.

A.Luminositywouldbeatrueindicatorofmass.

B.Differentregionsinspiralgalaxieswouldrotateatthesamevelocity.

C.Theuniversewouldcontinuetoexpandindefinitely.

D.Thedensityoftheinvisiblematterintheuniversewouldhavetobemorethan70timesthedensityoftheluminousmatter.

40.Theauthorsproposeallofthefollowingaspossiblycontributingtothe"missingmatter"inspiralgalaxiesEXCEPT__________.

A.massiveblackholes

B.smallblackholes

C.small,dimstars

D.massivestars

Passage3

Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

JonClark'sstudyoftheeffectofthemodernizationofatelephoneexchangeonexchangemaintenanceworkandworkersisasolidcontributiontoadebatethatencompassestwolivelyissuesinthehistoryandsociologyoftechnology:technologicaldeterminismandsocialconstructivism.

Clarkmakesthepointthatthecharacteristicsofatechnologyhaveadecisiveinfluenceonjobskillsandworkorganization.Putmorestrongly,technologycanbeaprimarydeterminantofsocialandmanagerialorganization.Clarkbelievesthispossibilityhasbeenobscuredbytherecentsociologicalfashion,exemplifiedbyBraverman'sanalysisthatemphasizesthewaymachineryreflectssocialchoices.ForBraverman,theshapeofatechnologicalsystemissubordinatetothemanager'sdesiretowrestcontrolofthelaborprocessfromtheworkers.Technologicalchangeisconstruedastheoutcomeofnegotiationsamonginterestedpartieswhoseektoincorporatetheirowninterestsintothedesignandconfigurationofthemachinery.Thispositionrepresentsthenewmainstreamcalledsocialconstructivism.

Theconstructivistsgainacceptancebymisrepresentingtechnologicaldeterminism:technologicaldeterministsaresupposedtobelieve,forexample,thatmachineryimposesappropriateformsoforderonsociety.Thealternativetoconstructivism,inotherwords,istoviewtechnologyasexistingoutsidesociety,capableofdirectlyinfluencingskillsandworkorganization.

Clarkrefutestheextremesoftheconstructivistsbyboththeoreticalandempiricalarguments.Theoreticallyhedefines"technology"intermsofrelationshipsbetweensocialandtechnicalvariables.Attemptstoreducethemeaningoftechnologytocold,hardmetalareboundtofail,formachineryisjustscrapunlessitisorganizedfunctionallyandsupportedbyappropriatesystemsofoperationandmaintenance.AttheempiricallevelClarkshowshowachangeatthetelephoneexchangefrommaintenance-intensiveelectromechanicalswitchestosemielectronicswitchingsystemsalteredworktasks,skills,trainingopportunities,administration,andorganizationofworkers.SomechangesClarkattributestotheparticularwaymanagementandlaborunionsnegotiatedtheintroductionofthetechnology,whereasothersareseenasarisingfromthecapabilitiesandnatureofthetechnologyitself.

ThusClarkhelpsanswerthequestion:"Whenissocialchoicedecisiveandwhenaretheconcretecharacteristicsoftechnologymoreimportant?"(363words)

41.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto__________.

A.advocateamorepositiveattitudetowardtechnologicalchange

B.discusstheimplicationsforemployeesofthemodernizationofatelephoneexchange

C.considerasuccessfulchallengetotheconstructivistviewoftechnologicalchange

D.challengethepositionofadvocatesoftechnologicaldeterminism

42.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthemodernizationofthetelephoneexchangeissupportedbythepassage?

A.Thenewtechnologyreducedtheroleofmanagersinlabornegotiations.

B.Themodernizationwasimplementedwithouttheconsentoftheemployeesdirectlyaffectedbyit.

C.Themodernizationhadanimpactthatwentsignificantlybeyondmaintenanceroutines.

D.Someofthemaintenanceworkersfeltvictimizedbythenewtechnology.

43.WhichofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribesClark'sopinionofBraverman'sposition?

A.Herespectsitswide-rangingpopularity.

B.Hedisapprovesofitsmisplacedemphasisontheinfluenceofmanagers.

C.Headmirestheconsiderationitgivestotheattitudesoftheworkersaffected.

D.Heisconcernedaboutitspotentialtoimpedetheimplementationofnewtechnologies.

44.TheinformationinthepassagesuggeststhatClarkbelievesthat__________wouldbetrueifsocialconstructivismhadnotgainedwidespreadacceptance.

A.Businesseswouldbemorelikelytomodernizewithoutconsideringthesocialconsequencesoftheiractions.

B.Therewouldbegreaterunderstandingoftheroleplayedbytechnologyinproducingsocialchange.

C.Businesseswouldbelesslikelytounderstandtheattitudesofemployeesaffectedbymodernization.

D.Modernizationwouldhaveoccurredataslowerrate.

45.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdidconstructivistsemploytopromotetheirargument?

A.Empiricalstudiesofbusinesssituationsinvolvingtechnologicalchange

B.Citationofmanagerssupportiveoftheirposition

C.Constructionofhypotheticalsituationsthatsupporttheirview

D.Contrastsoftheirviewwithamisstatementofanopposingview

SectionBShort-AnswerQuestions(10%)

Passage4

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

InWintersv.UnitedStates(1908),theSupremeCourtheldthattherighttousewatersflowingthroughoradjacenttotheFortBelknapIndianReservationwasreservedtoAmericanIndiansbythetreatyestablishingthereservation.Althoughthistreatydidnotmentionwaterrights,theCourtruledthatthefederalgovernment,whenitcreatedthereservation,intendedtodealfairlywithAmericanIndiansbyreservingforthemthewaterswithoutwhichtheirlandswouldhavebeenuseless.Laterdecisions,citingWinters,establishedthatcourtscanfindfederalrightstoreservewaterforparticularpurposesif(1)thelandinquestionlieswithinanenclaveunderexclusivefederaljurisdiction,(2)thelandhasbeenformallywithdrawnfromfederalpubliclands—i.e.,withdrawnfromthestockoffederallandsavailableforprivateuseunderfederallanduselaws—andsetasideorreserved,and(3)thecircumstancesrevealthegovernmentintendedtoreservewateraswellaslandwhenestablishingthereservation.

SomeAmericanIndiantribeshavealsoestablishedwaterrightsthroughthecourtsbasedontheirtraditionaldiversionanduseofcertainwaterspriortotheUnitedStates'acquisitionofsovereignty.Forexample,theRioGrandepueblosalreadyexistedwhentheUnitedStatesacquiredsovereigntyoverNewMexicoin1848.AlthoughtheyatthattimebecamepartoftheUnitedStates,thepueblolandsneverformallyconstitutedapartoffederalpubliclands;inanyevent,notreaty,statute,orexecutiveorderhaseverdesignatedorwithdrawnthepueblosfrompubliclandsasAmericanIndianreservations.Thisfact,however,hasnotbarredapplicationoftheWintersdoctrine.WhatconstitutesanAmericanIndianreservationisaquestionofpractice,notoflegaldefinition,andthepuebloshavealwaysbeentreatedasreservationsbytheUnitedStates.ThispragmaticapproachisbuttressedbyArizonav.California(1963),whereintheSupremeCourtindicatedthatthemannerinwhichanytypeoffederalreservationiscreateddoesnotaffecttheapplicationtoitoftheWintersdoctrine.Therefore,thereservedwaterrightsofPuebloIndianshavepriorityoverothercitizens'waterrightsasof1848,theyearinwhichpueblosmustbeconsideredtohavebecomereservations.

46.WhatrightsdidthetreatyestablishingtheFortBelknapIndianReservationfailtoidentifyforitsinhabitants?

47.Whatdoesthepassageimplyfromtheonlycriteriaforestablishingareservation'swaterrights,asdiscussedinunderlinedpartofthefirstparagraph?

48.WhatistherelationshipbetweenArizonav.CaliforniaandthecriteriaintheWintersdoctrine?

49.Whatisthe"pragmaticapproach"definedas?

50.ForwhatpurposedoestheauthorcitethefactthattheRioGrandepuebloswereneverformallywithdrawnfrompubliclands?

III.Writing(30%)

Directions:Inthispartyouaregoingtowriteanessayofabout400wordswithin60minutesonthetopicofonlineanti-corruption.WriteyouressayontheAnswerSheet.

Chinesenetizensareembracing"onlineanti-corruption",asignoftheChina'sendeavortofightwrongdoing.Asreported,alargenumberofChineseofficialshavebeenremovedfromtheirpostsduetocorruptionormisconductafterinvestigationsarisingfrominitialcluesprovidedbyinternetusers.Whatdoyouthinkaboutit?Youshouldclearlystateyourmainargumentandsupportitwithappropriatedetails.

专硕的题型复杂多样 ，内容范围广
，想要在专硕考试中突出重围，不仅需要灵活掌握答题技巧 ，同时
，跟平时的积累也是密不可分的，为了方便大家学习 ，三人行考研网特为广大学子推出2017考研系列备考专题，所有你不明白的都会一一帮你搞定 。同时
，三人行考研网一直为大家推出，足不出户就可以轻松学习！