翻译硕士#华东师范大学2011年翻译硕士MTI考研究生

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时间：2020-07-2718:30:30

　　华东师范大学2011年翻译硕士MTI

I.PhraseTranslation

OEM:原始设备制造商(OriginalEquipmentManufacturer)

FTP:文件传输协议(filetransferprotocol)

ShippingOrder:装货单;订舱单

ETA:预计到达时间(eatimatedtimeofarrival)

Consignee:收件人;受托人

CPI:消费物价指数(Consumerpriceindex)

DPI:每英寸点数(dotsperinch);分辨率;解析度

EMF:欧洲货币基金(EuropeanMonetaryFund);欧洲货币基金组织

ExchangeRateMechanism:汇率机制;汇率体制;外汇兑换体系

FinancialYear：财政年度;会计年度

ICB：国际竞争性招标(internationalcompetitivebidding)

OPEC：石油输出国组织(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)

APEC：亚太经济合作组织(Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation)

CAAC：中国民用航空局(CivilAviationAdministrationOfChina)

AID：国际开发总署(AgencyforInternationalDevelopment)

宏观调控：macro-control

信访办：Complaintsoffice

做好就业、社保等方面的工作:delivergoodresultsintermsofemployment,socialsecurity,etc./makegoodworkofemployment,socialsecurity,etc.

促进流通业发展：PromotingtheDevelopmentoftheCirculationIndustry

事业单位:publicinstitution

提高出生人口质量：improvethehealthofnewborns;advancethepopulationquality

创新型国家：innovation-orientedcountry;innovativecountry

优化经济结构：optimizetheeconomicstructure

建设社会主义新农村：buildinganewsocialistcountryside

农业政策的稳定性：Thestabilityofagriculturalpolicy

建设小康社会：buildamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallaspects

基层民主：democracyatthegrassrootslevel;grass-rootsdemocracy

粮食安全：foodsecurity

社会事业：socialundertaking;socialprograms;socialenterprise;socialBusiness

农民工:migrantworkers;ruralmigrantworkers

II.EnglishtoChinesetranslation

Thisbookis,inessence,auser’sguidetoacademiclife,conceivedforthoseconsieringtakingupacareerinthetraitionalacademicdisciplines–seniorsincollege,perhaps,orothersthinkingaboutgoingintograduateschool–aswellasthosewhohavealreadystartedoutalongthatpath,whichistosay,menandwomenworkingonaPh.Dandthosealreadywithappointmentsasassistantprofessorsatcollegeorauniversity.Someofourremarksbeofinteresttoothersaswell:seniorprofessorswhoareinterestedinotherperspectivesontheacademicscene,confusedandbewilereparentsofjunioracademics,professionaladvisors,spousesofgraduatestudentsandjuniorfaculty,andlaymeninterestedinlearningaboutthemysteriesofacademic.ForeignstuentswhoarethinkingabboutacquiringanAmericangraduateschooleducationwillcertainlyprofitfromreadingthisbook.

Ourbackgrounsareinthehumanitiesandthesocialsciences,andourviewsnaturallyreflectourownexperiences,observations,andwhatwehavelearnedinthecourseofourcareers.Webelievethereissufficientoverlapamongthevariousacedemicdisciplinestomakevalidgeneralizationspossible.Asteachers,wehaveoftenbeenaskedtoofferadviceoverandoveragain.We’vewrittenthisbookinresponsetowhatwefeltwasarealneedforinformation.Wechosetheformatofanextendedconversation,muchlikeconversationsthatwehaveactuallyhadonmanyoccasionswiththosewhohavesoughtusouttodiscusstheiraspirations,hopes,fears,anproblems.Thequestion-and-answerformatemphasizesthatwearespeakinginthisbookmuchaswewouldduringourofficehoursorovercoffeeinthedepartmentallounge.Althoughthequestionsinboldfaceareourconstructions,forthemostparttheyarequestionswe’veoftenheardorcanimagineourreadersmightwanttoaskiftheycould.

–PrefacetoTheChicagoGuidetoYourAcaemicCareer

III.Writeasummaryofthefollowingstoryin150-200Chinesecharacter.(20points)

Beijing’sFocusonFoodPricesIgnoresBroaderInflationRisk

ChinatookstepsWednesdaytocontrolrisingpricesatthemostbasicconsumerlevel.ButBeijingfacesaseverechallengeinpreventinghigherglobalcommoditypricesfromignitingbroaderinflationthatcouldthreatenChina’sstreakofpowerfuleconomicgrowth.

Withpricesrisingthisautumnformanycommoditieslikesugarandcotton,thecountry’scabinetannouncedonWednesdayeveningthatitwouldimposepricecontrolsonfood,introducesubsidiesfortheneedyandincreasetheavailabilityoffuelsupplies.

Sofar,theinflationinconsumergoodsinChinahasbeenlargelyconfinedtofoodandenergy,andgovernmentpolicymakerswanttokeepitthatway.Butavoidingmoregeneralinflationcouldprovedifficult.

Andintermsofeconomicdiplomacy,themeasuresannouncedWednesdaywerealmostpreciselytheoppositeofthestepstheObamaadministrationandmanyWesterneconomistshavebeenurgingBeijingtotake.

China’sbroadlymeasuredmoneysupplyhassurgedinthelasttwoyears,soaring54percentasitscentralbankhassupportedtheexporteconomybyinterveningincurrencymarketstokeeptherenminbiartificiallylow.ConsiderablecashisalsosloshingaroundtheChineseeconomybecauseoftwoyearsofextremelyheavylendingbystate-ownedbankstofinanceahighlysuccessfuleconomicstimulusprogramthathasreturnedthecountrytodouble-digitgrowth.

ButChina’sleadersarenowclearlyworriedabouttheinflationarysideeffectsofthosefinancialpolicies.Thepremier,WenJiabao,hastouredsouthernChinaoverthelastweekandwasshownonnationaltelevisionlateTuesdaynightexpressingconcernaboutrisingfoodpricesandpromisingthatthegovernmentwouldtakeaction.

ZhouXiaochuan,thegovernorofthecentralbank,hadsaidearlieronTuesdaythattheamountofmoneyracingthroughtheglobaleconomywasputtingpressureonemergingeconomiesthatwanttocontrolinflation.AndYaoJian,acommerceministryspokesman,saidatapressconferenceonTuesdaythatthegovernmentwouldtightenscrutinyofforeigninvestmentsoastopreventtoomuchmoneyfrompouringintoChinaasforeigninvestorsseekhigherreturnsthanarecurrentlyavailableintheWest.

ImposingpricecontrolsandotheradministrativecontrolsontheChineseeconomyrunscountertothestepsrecommendedbymanyWesternexperts.TheyhavesuggestedthatChinashouldfurtherderegulateitseconomy,lettherenminbiappreciateandotherwiserelyonmarketforcestotameinflation.

ThestandardpolicyprescriptionfromWashingtonhasbeenthatChinashouldraiseinterestrates,asawaytoslowinvestmentandpreventtheeconomyfromoverheating.AndAmericanpolicymakersfromPresidentObamadownhavearguedthatifChinawouldlettherenminbiriseagainstthedollar,oilandothercommoditieswouldbelessexpensiveinChina,helpingtotameinflation.ButBeijinghasresisted,inlargepartbecauseWashington’sprescribedmedicinewouldreducethepricecompetitivenessofChineseexportstotheUnitedStatesandelsewhere.

Still,evenasChinaisziggingwhenWashingtonwouldratheritzag,somecorporateeconomistsarecautiouslyoptimisticthatChinamaybeabletotameinflationwithitsapproach—fornow,atleast.

“Giventhatfoodpricesarespearheadingimmediateinflationarypressures,supply-sidemeasuresshouldbemoreeffectivethanratehikes, ”QuHongbin,theco-headofAsianeconomicsresearchattheinternationalbankHSBC,wroteinaresearchnoteonWednesdaynight.“There’snoneedtopanic,asBeijinghasmorethanenougheffectivepolicyoptionstocombatinflation.
”

Andyet,whiletheremaybelimitstoChina’sabilitytokeepalidoninflation,itisbetterpreparedthanmanycountriestocopewithrisingworldcommodityprices.ThatisbecauseChinaisself-sufficientinmostfoods,hasanenormoustradesurplusandhasaccumulatedcopiousforeignreservesthatreached$2.65trillionattheendofSeptember.

“There’snoneedtopanic,asBeijinghasmorethanenougheffectivepolicyoptionstocombatinflation”-Co-headofAsianEconomicsResearch,HSBC,QuHongbin

Incontrast,theUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationwarnedonWednesdaythatfoodimportbillswereup10percentthisyearfortheworld’spoorestcountries.

ButmanyeconomistsweresurprisedbytheacceleratedinflationinChinathattheNationalBureauofStatisticsdisclosedinBeijinglastweek.Overallconsumerpriceswere4.4percenthigherlastmonththanayearearlier.

Chineseleadershaverepeatedlymadeclearovertheyearsthatfightinginflationisatoppriority,becauseitcouldfuelsocialunrest.Andtheyhavepubliclysetatargetofnotallowingtheannualincreaseinconsumerpricestoreach5percentagain.Itpeakedat8.5percentinthespringof2008.

Iffoodandenergypricesareremovedfromtheconsumerpriceindex,thepricesforeverythingelseareuponly1.3percentfromayearearlier,accordingtothegovernment.Butthatisnotnecessarilyareassuringmeasure,someeconomistssuggest.

ChineseandWesterneconomistsworrythattheChinesepriceindexmayunderestimateinflationseparatefromfoodandenergy.TheChineseindexhaslongstandingmethodologicalproblems—likemeasuringapartmentrentsbutnotthecostofbuyingandlivinginanapartment,whichhassoaredinrecentyears.

Whileclimbingfoodandenergypricesareaglobalproblem,theyparticularlyaffectlower-incomecountrieslikeChina,wheresuchnecessitiesclaimafarlargershareofhouseholdincomesthaninmoreaffluentnations.China’sconsumerpriceindex,whichisbasedmainlyonurbanspendingpatterns,assumesthatgroceriesrepresentathirdofafamily’sspending.

ThatisextremelyhighbyWesternstandards.AnditshowshowfarChinamuststillgotocreatethekindofbroad-basedconsumersocietythatAmericanofficialsrecommendandthatChineseleaderssaytheywanttoadoptinthelongterminplaceoftheircurrentexport-ledmodel.IntheUnitedStates,groceriesrepresentonly8percentoftheConsumerPriceIndex.

TheStateCouncil,China’scabinetofministers,decidedonWednesdaythatitwouldstabilizepricesforgrain,oil,sugarandcottoninparticular,accordingtoastatementonagovernmentWebsite.TheStateCouncilalsosaidthatthegovernmentwouldmakesurethatmoredieselreachedfillingstations,tofueltrucks,andthatutilitypowerstationshadamplesuppliesofcoal.

Thehighpricesandrelativescarcityofdieselfuelhaveresultedinpartfromitsusebyfactories,whichhavebeenburningitinbackyardgeneratorsaspowercompanieshavecutbackelectricitygenerationtomeetnationaltargetsforlimitingenergyconsumption.

Meanwhile,utilitieshavestruggledtobuyenoughcoalbecausethegovernmentrequirescoalminestosellittopowercompaniesatlow,regulatedprices.Themines,ofcourse,prefertoselltheircoalathigherpricesontheopenmarket.

Lastweek,inanothermoveagainstinflation,Beijingorderedcommercialbankstoputmoreoftheirassetsinlow-yieldaccountsatthecentralbank.Themeasure,anincreaseintheso-calledreserverequirement,wasmeanttocoolafrenzyoflendingoverthelasttwoyearsthathaspricedurbanrealestatebeyondthereachofmostworking-classfamilies.

LiangHuoqiao,a22-year-oldplasticsworker,saidinaninterviewearlierthisyearinGuangzhouinsouthernChinathathispaywasrising10percentayear,toaround$300amonth.Buthisentireannualpaywouldbeenoughtobuyonlyabouttwosquaremetersofanapartment,or21.5squarefeet.

Soheplannedtobuyacarassoonaspossible,andworryaboutahomelater.

IV.ChinesetoEnglishtranslation

旅客似乎是十分轻松的人 ，实际上却相当辛苦 。旅客不用上班
，却必须受时间的约束;爱做什么就做什么，却必须受钱包的限制;爱去哪里就去哪里 ，却必须把几件行李蜗牛壳一般带在身上
。旅客最可怕的噩梦
，是钱和证件一起遗失，沦为来历不明的乞丐。旅客最难把握的东西 ，便是气候 。

我现在就是这样的旅客
。从西班牙南端一直旅行到英国的北端
，我经历了各样的气候，已经到了寒暑不侵的境界。此刻我正坐在中世纪古堡改装的旅馆里 ，为读者写稿，刚刚黎明
，湿灰灰的云下是苏格兰中部荒莽的林木，林外是隐隐的青山 。晓寒袭人 ，我坐在厚达尺许的石墙里
，穿了一件毛衣，如果要走下回旋长梯像走下古堡之肠 ，去坡下的野径漫步寻幽
，还得披上一件够厚的外套
。

-选自余光中《西欧的夏天》第一二段

SummerinWesternEurope

YuGuangzhong

Light-heartedasheseems,atravelerisinfactundergreatstress.Thoughonvacation,heisneverthelesssubjecttotherestraintoftime.Hecandowhateverhelikesonthetrip,buthehastokeeptheexpenditurewithinthelimitsofhispocket.Whereverhegoes,hehastotakewithhimhiscumbersomehandluggage.Hefacesthemosthorriblepossibilityoflosinghismoneyandcredentials,whichwillreducehimselftoapauperofunknownbackground.And,besides,hecanneverbesureoftheweather.

That’swhatI’mlikenow.I’vetraveledallthewayfromthesoutherntipofSpaintothenortherntipofEngland,experiencingavarietyofclimatesuntilI’vebecomeapathetictotheelements.I’mnowsittinginamedievalcastleturnedhotel,writinganarticleformyreaders.Thedayisjustdawning.InCentralScotland,thereliesunderthegraywetcloudsawildwoodedregion,beyondwhichagreenmountainstandsfaintlyvisible.Inthechillyairoftheearlymorning,Ihavetobedressedinawoolensweaterwhilesittingonastonewallonefootonthickness.ButIneed,inaddition,anoutergarmenttokeepmewarmincaseIcomedownthespiralstaircase—theintestinesofthecastle—totakeastrollalonganunfrequentedpathdownthemountainslopeinsearchofsecludedplacesofquietbeauty.

2016考研倒计时的钟声已经敲响，考生只有做好充分准备才能赢得胜利 ，在此阶段考生们要保持良好的心态
，全身心的投入到考研这场战役中去。三人行考研网特为广大学子推出2016考研 、系列备考专题，针对每一个科目要点进行深入的指导分析 ，欢迎各位考生了解咨询 。同时
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