备考指导#2017翻译硕士#中华思想文化术语翻译选读——浑沌

浑沌(hùndùn)

“浑沌”又作“混沌 ” ，有两种不同含义：其一，指天地分化形成以前宇宙浑然一体的状态。常以未分化之“气”言之 。天地万物皆由“浑沌
”分化演变而成。其二
，特指《庄子》一则寓言中的中央之帝
。中央之帝浑沌无七窍，被南海之帝儵(shū)和北海之帝忽凿开七窍而亡。庄子以此形象寓指人无知无识 、无善恶彼我之分 ，与整个世界浑然一体的状态 。

Chaos

Thetermhastwomeanings.First,itreferstothestateofonewholemassthatexistedbeforetheuniversetookshape,oftensaidtoexistbeforeqi(vitalforce)emerged.Themultitudeoforganismsonearthallemanatedfromthisstate.Second,itreferstoChaos,kingoftheCentralRegioninafableinZhuangzi.Accordingtothefable,Chaoshadnoeyes,nose,mouthorears.Shu,kingoftheSouthSea,andHu,kingoftheNorthSea,drilledsevenaperturesintoChaosandkilledhim.Zhuangziusedthisstorytoshowthestateofchaosoftheworldinwhichthereisneitherknowledgeorwisdom,nordistinctionbetweengoodandevil.

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[引例]

说《易》者曰：“元气未分
，浑沌为一
。”(王充《论衡•谈天》)

南海之帝为儵，北海之帝为忽 ，中央之帝为浑沌。儵与忽时相与遇于浑沌之地
，浑沌待之甚善 。儵与忽谋报浑沌之德，曰：人皆有七窍以视听食息 ，此独无有
，尝试凿之
。日凿一窍，七日而浑沌死。(《庄子•应帝王》)

ThosewhocommentedonTheBookofChangessaid,“Beforeqi(vitalforce)appeared,theworldwasinastateofformlesschaos. ”(WangChong:AComparativeStudyofDifferentSchoolsofLearning)

ThekingoftheSouthSeawascalledShu,thekingoftheNorthSeawascalledHu,andthekingoftheCentralRegionwascalledChaos.ShuandHuoftenmetintheterritoryofChaos,whotreatedthemverywell.Theywantedtorepayhiskindness,andsaid,“Everymanhassevenapertureswithwhichtohear,tosee,toeatanddrink,andtobreathe,butChaosalonehasnoneofthem.Let’stryandboresomeforhim.
”TheyboredoneapertureonChaoseachday,andontheseventhdayChaosdied.(Zhuangzi)